Methods and systems for start code emulation prevention and data stuffing

One or more computer-readable media embodying an encoder that is configured to:

• obtain data that is intended for transmission in an environment using start codes;
• search for at least one byte-level pattern within the received data, the pattern being defined by multiple bytes;
• and
• responsive to finding a pattern, insert a start code emulation prevention byte relative to the data that contains the pattern.

One or more computer-readable media embodying instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:

• obtain data that is intended for transmission in an environment using start codes;
• search for at least one byte-level pattern within the received data, the pattern being defined by multiple bytes;
• and
• responsive to finding a pattern, insert a start code emulation prevention byte relative to the data that contains the pattern.

A method comprising:

• receiving data that has been encoded with start code emulation prevention data to prevent emulation of start codes, individual instances of the start code emulation prevention data comprising multiple bits;
• searching for legitimate start codes within the received data;
• searching the received data to identify start code emulation prevention data;
• and
• responsive to finding the start code emulation prevention data, removing the start code emulation prevention data.

One or more computer-readable media embodying a decoder that is configured to:

• receive data that has been encoded with start code emulation prevention data to prevent emulation of start codes, individual instances of the start code emulation prevention data comprising multiple bits;
• search for legitimate start codes within the received data;
• search the received data to identify start code emulation prevention data;
• and
• responsive to finding the start code emulation prevention data, remove the start code emulation prevention data.

A method comprising:

• receiving data that has been encoded with start code emulation prevention data to prevent emulation of start codes, individual instances of the start code emulation prevention data comprising one or more fixed-size data units;
• searching for legitimate start codes within the received data;
• searching the received data to identify start code emulation prevention data;
• responsive to finding the start code emulation prevention data, removing the start code emulation prevention data.

A decoder configured to:

• receive data that has been encoded with start code emulation prevention data to prevent emulation of start codes, individual instances of the start code emulation prevention data comprising one or more bytes;
• search for legitimate start codes within the received data;
• search the received data to identify start code emulation prevention data;
• and
• responsive to finding the start code emulation prevention data, remove the start code emulation prevention data.

A method comprising:

• obtaining data that is intended for transmission in an environment that uses start codes;
• searching for at least one pattern within the data, the pattern comprising a string of N+1 bytes of payload data that match either (1) an entire start code prefix, or (2) the first N bytes of a start code prefix plus the value of an emulation prevention byte;
• and
• responsive to finding the pattern, inserting a start code emulation prevention byte relative to the data that contains the pattern.

One or more computer-readable media embodying instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:

• obtain data that is intended for transmission in an environment that uses start codes;
• search for at least one pattern within the obtained data, the pattern comprising a string of N+1 bytes of payload data that match either (1) an entire start code prefix, or (2) the first N bytes of a start code prefix plus the value of an emulation prevention byte;
• and
• responsive to finding the pattern, insert a start code emulation prevention byte relative to the data that contains the pattern.

A method comprising:

• receiving data that has been processed to contain one or more start code emulation prevention bytes to prevent emulation of start codes, the data being processed in accordance with a rule that:
• searches for at least one data pattern, the one data pattern comprising a string of N+1 bytes of payload data that matches either (1) an entire start code prefix, or (2) the first N bytes of a start code prefix plus the value of an emulation prevention byte;
• and
• inserts a start code emulation prevention byte relative to the data that contains the pattern;
• searching for legitimate start codes within the received data;
• searching the received data to identify start code emulation prevention bytes;
• and
• responsive to finding a start code emulation prevention byte, removing the start code emulation prevention byte.

A method comprising:

• obtaining data that is intended for transmission in an environment that uses start codes;
• searching for at least one pattern within the data, the pattern comprising a string of N+1 bytes of payload data that matches either (1) an entire start code prefix, or (2) the first N bytes of a start code prefix plus the value of an emulation prevention byte, wherein the pattern comprises N bytes that have the same value, and another byte that has a different value;
• and
• responsive to finding the pattern, inserting a start code emulation prevention byte relative to the data that contains the pattern, the start code emulation prevention byte having a value that is different from the values of any bytes of the start code prefix.

A method comprising:

• receiving data that has been processed to include one or more start code emulation prevention bytes to prevent emulation of start codes, the data being processed in accordance with a rule that:
• searches for at least one data pattern, the one data pattern comprising a string of N+1 bytes of payload data that matches either (1) an entire start code prefix, or (2) the first N bytes of a start code prefix plus the value of an emulation prevention byte, wherein the pattern comprises N bytes that have the same value, and another byte that has a different value, and
• inserts a start code emulation prevention byte relative to the data that contains the pattern, wherein the start code emulation byte has a value that is different from any bytes of the start code prefix;
• searching for legitimate start codes within the data;
• searching the data to identify start code emulation prevention bytes;
• and
• responsive to finding a start code emulation prevention byte, removing the start code emulation prevention byte.

A method comprising:

• obtaining data that is intended for transmission in an environment that uses start codes;
• searching for at least one pattern within the data, the pattern comprising a string of N bytes of payload data that match the first N bytes of a start code prefix;
• and
• responsive to finding the pattern, inserting a start code emulation prevention byte relative to the data that contains the pattern.

A method comprising:

• receiving data that has been processed to include one or more start code emulation prevention bytes to prevent emulation of start codes, the data being processed in accordance with a rule that:
• searches for at least one pattern within the data, the pattern comprising a string of N bytes of payload data that match the first N bytes of a start code prefix, and
• inserts a start code emulation prevention byte relative to the data that contains the pattern;
• searching for legitimate start codes within the data;
• searching the data to identify start code emulation prevention bytes;
• and
• responsive to finding a start code emulation prevention byte, removing the start code emulation prevention byte.

A method comprising:

• searching for at least one pattern of fixed-size data portions within data that is intended for encoding transmission in an environment using start codes, individual fixed-size data portions comprising at least two bits;
• responsive to finding a pattern, inserting start code emulation prevention data relative to the data that contains the pattern;
• establishing a location corresponding to the end of payload data that is intended to be sent to one or more receivers after a start code;
• and
• inserting one or more bits of additional filler data after the end of the payload data and prior to a next start code.

A method comprising:

• receiving data that has been processed to comprise additional filler data that has been added after a first start code and associated payload data and prior to a second start code and which has been processed to include start code emulation prevention data to prevent emulation of start codes, individual instances of the start code emulation prevention data comprising multiple bits;
• searching for legitimate start codes within the received data;
• searching the received data to identify start code emulation prevention data;
• responsive to finding the start code emulation prevention data, removing the start code emulation prevention data;
• ascertaining the filler data;
• and
• removing the filler data.

A method comprising:

• searching for at least one pattern of fixed-size data portions within data that is intended for encoding transmission in an environment using start codes, individual fixed-size data portions comprising at least two bits;
• responsive to finding a pattern, inserting start code emulation prevention data relative to the data that contains the pattern;
• establishing a location corresponding to the end of payload data that is intended to be sent to one or more receivers, wherein the payload data can comprise start code emulation prevention data;
• first inserting one or more bits after a last bit of payload data, the inserted one or more bits having one or more predetermined values;
• determining a number of bits that are required to send, as payload data, an integer number of data units;
• and inserting, if necessary, a sufficient number of additional bits after the first-inserted bit(s) to provide an integer number of data units.

A method comprising:

• receiving data comprising payload data and inserted data, wherein said payload data can comprise start code emulation prevention data to prevent emulation of start codes, individual instances of the start code emulation prevention data comprising multiple bits, said inserted data comprising (a) at least one bit after the last bit of payload data and having a predetermined value, (b) a sufficient number of additional bits to provide an integer number of data units which include the payload data;
• searching for legitimate start codes within the received data;
• searching the received data to identify start code emulation prevention data;
• responsive to finding the start code emulation prevention data, removing the start code emulation prevention data;
• ascertaining the inserted data;
• and removing the inserted data.

A method comprising:

• establishing a location corresponding to the end of payload data that is intended to be sent to one or more receivers;
• inserting a 1 bit after the last bit of payload data;
• determining a number of bits that are required to send, as payload data, an integer number of bytes;
• inserting a sufficient number of 0 bits after the inserted 1 bit to provide an integer number of bytes;
• and
• inserting one or more bytes of filler data after the inserted number of 0 bits or, if no 0 bits were inserted to provide an integer number of bytes, after the inserted 1 bit.

A method comprising:

• receiving data comprising payload data and inserted data, said inserted data having been inserted in accordance with the following insertion processing:
• a location corresponding to the end of the payload data is established;
• a 1 bit is inserted after the last bit of payload data;
• a number of bits that are required to send, as payload data, an integer number of bytes is determined;
• a sufficient number of 0 bits after the inserted 1 bit are inserted to provide an integer number of bytes;
• and
• one or more bytes of filler data after the inserted number of 0 bits are inserted or, if no 0 bits were inserted to provide an integer number of bytes, one or more bytes of filler data are inserted after the inserted 1 bit
• ascertaining the inserted data;
• and
• removing the inserted data.

A method comprising:

• establishing a location corresponding to the end of payload data that is intended to be sent to one or more receivers;
• first inserting at least one bit after the last bit of payload data, the inserted one or more bits having one or more predetermined values;
• determining a number of bits that are required to send, as payload data, an integer number of data units;
• second inserting, if necessary, a sufficient number of additional bits after the first-inserted bit(s) to provide an integer number of data units;
• and
• inserting one or more data units of filler data after the first and second inserted bits.

A method comprising:

• receiving data comprising payload data and inserted data, said inserted data having been inserted in accordance with the following insertion processing:
• a location corresponding to the end of the payload data that is intended to be sent is established;
• at least one bit is first inserted after the last bit of payload data, the inserted one or more bits having one or more predetermined values;
• a number of bits that are required to send, as payload data, an integer number of data units are determined;
• if necessary, a sufficient number of additional bits are second inserted after the first-inserted bit(s) to provide an integer number of data units;
• and
• one or more data units of filler data are inserted after the first and second inserted bits.
• ascertaining the inserted data;
• and
• removing the inserted data.