Optical power limiting material

An optical power limiting material comprising a transparent substrate and an oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, Ru, In, Sn, Sb, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir and Bi, wherein the oxide of vanadium is not VO2, wherein the metal oxide is at least one composite oxide selected from the group consisting of XCr2O4, wherein X=Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, or Ni, Na2SnO3, Pb2SnO4, Bi2Sn2O7, Na3VO4, MVO4, wherein M=Nd, Sm, Eu, Y, Fe, or Cr, VOMo4, MV2O4, wherein M=Mg, Mn, Co, Zn, or Cu, VM2O4, wherein M=Mg, Co, or Zn, VMn2O4, V2MoO8, AxV2O5, wherein 0<x<1, A=Li, K, Na, Cu, Ag, Ca, Cd, or Pb, ZrV2O7, MVO3, wherein M=K, Fe, Ti, Cr, Ni, Mg, Ca, La, Y, or Sc, H4(PMo11VO40), H5(PMo10V2O40), H6(PMo9V3O40), H4(PW11VO40), H6(PW6V3O41), Bi2O3.xMoO3, wherein x=4, 3, 2, 1, ½, ⅓, or {fraction (1/10)}, Bi2O3.xWO3, wherein x=2-3, 1, ½, to ⅕, or {fraction (1/10)}, xBi2O3Sb2O5, wherein x=1, 3, Bi9PMo12O52, Fe2(MoO4)3, (MoO3)1.0(Cr2O3)0.75, AxWO3, wherein 0<x<1, A=H, Li, K, Na, Rb, Ca, Cu, Ag, In, Tl, Sn, Pb, or rare earth element, LiTi2O4, MnCo2O4, NiCo2O4 and NiMnCo4O8.

An optical power limiting material comprising a transparent substrate and an oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, Ru, In, Sn, Sb, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir and Bi, wherein the oxide of vanadium is not VO2, and wherein the metal oxide forms a thin film on a surface of the transparent substrate in the form of particles having a mean particle diameter of not more than 1 μm, and a ratio of a number of metal atoms in the metal oxide to a number of non-oxygen atoms in the oxide comprised in the transparent substrate or a number of monomer units composing a polymer ranges from 1:1 to 1:100.

An optical power limiting material comprising a transparent substrate and an oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mo, Ru, In, Sn, Sb, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir and Bi, wherein the oxide of vanadium is not VO2, and wherein the metal oxide is dispersed in the transparent substrate in the form of particles having a mean particle diameter of not more than 1 μm, and a ratio of a number of metal atoms in the metal oxide to a number of non-oxygen atoms in the oxide comprised in the transparent substrate or a number of monomer units composing a polymer ranges from 1:1 to 1:100.