Device for use by brain operations
OwnerEigil Samset, Henry Hirschberginventors
Life of this patent
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Abstract
Tool for use by brain operation comprising a guiding/support-tool (1) provided for mounting on the head of a patient over an operation aperture as for example a probe may be inserted into the brain of the patient, along with system to determine the depth of the insertion and coordinate of the insertion tool for use by brain operation. Said tool (1) having fastening means for a pointing device, which is connected with an image processing unit for calculation of the insertion depth of the probe, the coordinate and direction of the probe/insertion tool may be ovelaid the visualized image respectively images of the brain. Further said tool (1) has adjusting means (7, 21) for adjusting the tool (1) in desired direction of the probe.
Claims12
A tool for use during brain surgery, where a guide/holding tool (1) is designed to be mounted on the patient's head over an operation hole in a manner such that e.g. a probe may be inserted into a patient's brain, characterised in that the probe is held in a holder and guide part (5) in a manner that is known per se, which holder and guide part (5) is arranged slidably along a curved part (4) in the upper part of the tool (1),
- that the centre point of the radius of the curved part (4) is located at a distance (a) below the underside of the base part (10a, 10b),
- that the tool includes means designed to adjust the positioning of the centre point, i.e. the distance (a) of the centre point from the underside of the base part (10a, 10b), and
- that the base part (10a, 10b) and the probe are equipped with markers for determining the co-ordinates of the respective parts for display in an image.
A tool according to claims 1-4, characterised in that it comprises an accessory tool (15) for determining the thickness of the washers (17), which tool (15) is formed by a ring (15) with a slot having an extent equal to said distance (a), said distance (a) being equal to the drilled part (18) of the cranium in the operation hole plus washers (17).
A tool according to claims 1-5, characterised in that the holder and guide part (5), with the curved part (4) in the upper part of the tool (1), is arranged to be rotatable about the base part (10a, 10b).
A tool according to claims 1-6, characterised in that a tube (26) extends through the holder and guide part (5), which tube is the actual guide for a probe, biopsy sampling tool, laser probe or similar, that the upper part (27) of the tube (26) has a reduced diameter (27) that matches the central aperture (9) of a device (28) for determining the direction of the guide tube (26), the transition from the part of the tube to the remaining part of the tube (26) forming an abutment seat for said device (28), and that the device (28) includes means of determining the direction and position of the guide tube (26).
A tool according to claims 1-7, characterised in that the device (28) incorporates three arms projecting from the centre of the device, each of which arms have a marker (2) at the end, and that the device (28) is held in a specific position on the holder and guide part (5), so that the position calculated from the markers is changed only when the holding tool (1) is rotated about the base part (10) or when the holder and guide part (5) is moved along the curved part (4).
A tool according to claims 1-8, characterised in that the marker (2) consists of infrared light-emitting diodes, which lights are intercepted by receivers located in defined positions in the room over the site of the operation, thereby to determine the co-ordinates of the insertion tube (26) in a data processor connected to an image processor, in a manner that is known per se.
A base part for a tool for use during brain surgery, where a guide/holding tool (1) is designed to be mounted on the patient's head over an operation hole in such a manner that e.g. a probe may be inserted into a patient's brain, characterised in that the base part (10a, 10b) includes holes for screwing to the patient's cranium or is designed to screwed down into the operation hole or designed to be glued to the patient's cranium,
- that the base part includes a support plate or supporting arms projecting from the base part for placement of marker, there being provided two types of markers or markers with two functions;
- firstly to make marks on the image for positioning the base part and secondly to co-operate with receivers that are placed in defined locations in the room over the site of the operation, and which are connected to a data processing unit connected to an image processing unit in a manner that is known per se, as a reference for the co-ordinates of the image or images obtained in advance of the patient, e.g. in an MR/CT scanner, and
- that the opening in the base part for insertion of the probe is approximately the same size as the operation hole or at least large enough to make it possible to see into the operation hole during insertion of the probe.
A system for determining the insertion depth of a probe or similar during brain surgery and the co-ordinates of the probe/tool for use during brain surgery, characterised in that a virtual length of an insertion tube or pointer device is visualised in an image processor, so that a perpendicular plane through the logical tip of the insertion tube always contains the target, i.e. the area of the brain that is of interest, and that the co-ordinates that are determined in a manner that is known per se in the image processor, are fed to a calculation unit for determining the insertion depth by the equation
- s=nx(xt−x0)+ny(yt−y0)+nz(zt−z0)
- in which:
- xl=nx·s+x0yl=ny·s+y0zl=nz·s+z0
- which can be expressed by means of a linear algebra as:
- {right arrow over (x)}l={right arrow over (n)}T·({right arrow over (x)}t−{right arrow over (x)}0)·{right arrow over (n)}+{right arrow over (x)}0
- in which T=target, 0=physical position of the pointer device, l=logical/calculated position, x, y, z, is the position of the pointer device, n indicates the direction of the pointer device and n with the indices x, y, z indicates the direction in the x, y, and z directions respectively.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.