Process for the production of aqueous polymer dispersions

Process for the production of aqueous polymer dispersions by the reaction of one or more olefinically unsaturated compounds [olefin(s)] in aqueous medium in the presence of

• 7
• in which the substituents and indices have the following meaning:
• M a transition metal of groups 7 to 10 of the periodic system of the elements,
• L1 phosphanes (R16)xPH3-x or amines (R16)xNH3-x having identical or different substituents R16, ethers (R16)2O, H2O, alcohols (R16)OH, pyridine, pyridine derivatives of the formula C5H5-x(R16)xN, CO, C1-C12 alkyl nitriles, C6-C14 aryl nitriles or ethylenically unsaturated double-bonded systems, x standing for an integer between 0 and 3,
• L2 halide ions, amide ions (R16)hNH2-h, h standing for an integer between 0 and 2, and furthermore C1-C6 alkyl anions, allyl anions, benzyl anions or aryl anions,
• wherein L1 and L2 can be linked to one another by means of one or more covalent bonds,
• E nitrogen,
• Y oxygen, sulfur, N—R10 or P—R10,
• R1 hydrogen, C1-C12 alkyl groups, C7-C13 aralkyl substituents or C6-C14 aryl groups,
• R2, R3 independently of one another
• hydrogen,
• C1-C12 alkyl, wherein the alkyl groups can be branched or unbranched,
• C1-C12 alkyl, singly or multiply substituted by identical or different C1-C12 alkyl groups,
• halogens, C1-C12 alkoxy groups or C1-C12 thioether groups,
• C7-C13 aralkyl,
• C3-C12 cycloalkyl,
• C3-C12 cycloalkyl, singly or multiply substituted by identical or different C1-C12 alkyl groups, halogens, C1-C12 alkoxy groups or C1-C12 thioether groups,
• C6-C14 aryl,
• C6-C14 aryl, identically or differently substituted by one or more C1-C12 alkyl groups, halogens, singly or multiply halogenated C1-C12 alkyl groups, C1-C12 alkoxy groups, silyloxy groups OSiR11R12R13, amino groups NR14R15 or C1-C12 thioether groups,
• C1-C12 alkoxy groups,
• silyloxy groups OSiR11R12R13,
• halogens or
• amino groups NR14R15,
• wherein the substituents R2 and R3 can form a saturated or unsaturated 5- to 8-membered ring with one another,
• R4 to R7 independently of one another
• hydrogen,
• C1-C12 alkyl, wherein the alkyl groups can be branched or unbranched,
• C1-C12 alkyl, singly or multiply substituted by identical or different C1-C12 alkyl groups,
• halogens, C1-C12 alkoxy groups or C1-C12 thioether groups,
• C7-C13 aralkyl,
• C3-C12 cycloalkyl,
• C3-C12 cycloalkyl, singly or multiply substituted by identical or different C1-C12 alkyl groups, halogens, C1-C12 alkoxy groups or C1-C12 thioether groups,
• C6-C14 aryl,
• C6-C14 aryl, identically or differently substituted by one or more C1-C12 alkyl groups, halogens, singly or multiply halogenated C1-C12 alkyl groups, C1-C12 alkoxy groups, silyloxy groups OSiR11R12R13, amino groups NR14R15 or C1-C12 thioether groups,
• C1-C12 alkoxy groups,
• silyloxy groups OSiR11R12R13,
• halogens,
• NO2 groups or
• amino groups NR14R15,
• wherein pairs of neighboring substituents R4 to R7 can form a saturated or unsaturated 5- to 8-membered ring with one another,
• R8, R9 independently of one another
• hydrogen,
• C1-C6 alkyl groups,
• C7-C3 aralkyl substituents or
• C6-C14 aryl groups, optionally substituted by one or more C1-C12 alkyl groups, halogens, singly or multiply halogenated C1-C12 alkyl groups, C1-C12 alkoxy groups, silyloxy groups OSiR11R12R13, amino groups NR14R15 or C1-C12 thioether groups,
• R10 to R15 independently of one another
• hydrogen,
• C1-C20 alkyl groups, which on their part may be substituted by O(C1-C6 alkyl) or N(C1-C6 alkyl)2 groups,
• C3-C12 cycloalkyl groups,
• C7-C13 aralkyl substituents or C6-C14 aryl groups,
• R16 hydrogen,
• C1-C20 alkyl groups, which for their part may be substituted by O(C1-C6 alkyl) or N(C1-C6 alkyl)2 groups,
• C3-C12 cycloalkyl groups,
• C7-C13 aralkyl substituents or C6-C14 aryl groups,
• b) dispersing agents and optionally
• c) organic solvents having low solubility in water,
• d) the metal complexes a1) being dissolved in a portion or the total quantity of the olefinically unsaturated compounds and/or of the organic solvents c) having low solubility in water and
• e) the portion or the total quantity of the olefinically unsaturated compounds and/or of the organic solvents c) having low solubility in water which holds the metal complexes a1) in solution being present in the aqueous medium as a dispersed phase having an average droplet diameter ≦1,000 nm.