Spiro compounds and their use

A Spiro compound of the formula (I)

• 22
• where the symbols have the following meanings:
• K1, L, M, N1, R1, R2, R3, R4 are identical or different and are each
• a) hydrogen, —NO2, —CN, —F or —Cl,
• b) a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where
• b1) one or more nonadjacent CH2 groups can be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O—, NR5 or —Si(CH3)2— and/or
• b2) one or more CH2 groups can be replaced by —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,3-cyclopentylene and/or
• b3) one or more H atoms can be replaced by F and/or Cl, and/or
• c) one of the following groups:
• 23
• d) one of the following groups:
• 24
• with the proviso that at least one of the radicals K1, L, M, N1, R1, R2, R3, R4 is one of the groups listed under c);
• X, Y1 are in each case identical or different and are ═CR7— or ═N—;
• Z is —O—, —S—, —NR5—, —CRR—, —CR═CR— or —CR═N—;
• R5, R6 are in each case identical or different and are each
• a) hydrogen,
• b) a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where
• b1) one or more nonadjacent CH2 groups which are not bound to nitrogen can be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O— or —Si(CH3)2— and/or
• b2) one or more CH2 groups can be replaced by —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, cyclopropane-1,2-diyl, 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,3-cyclopentylene and/or
• b3) one or more H atoms can be replaced by F and/or Cl and/or
• b4) R5 and R6 together can also form a ring;
• c) phenyl, biphenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-thienyl, 2-furanyl;
• R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12 are identical or different and are each
• a) hydrogen, —CN, —F, NO2 or —Cl,
• b) a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where
• b1) one or more nonadjacent CH2 groups can be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O—, NR5 or —Si(CH3)2— and/or
• b2) one or more CH2 groups can be replaced by —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, cyclopropane-1,2-diyl, 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,3-cyclopentylene and/or
• b3) one or more H atoms can be replaced by F and/or Cl;
• c) phenyl, biphenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-thienyl, 2-furanyl, —O-phenyl, —O-biphenyl, —O-1-naphthyl, —O-2-naphthyl, —O-2-thienyl, -—O-2-furanyl,
• m, n, p, q, r are in each case identical or different and are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.