Reflective electrophoretic display with stacked color cells

A reflective color electrophoretic display comprising:

• a light-reflective rear panel having a substantially planar horizontal surface;
• a substantially planar light-transmissive front window generally parallel to and spaced from the horizontal surface of the rear panel;
• first and second substantially planar light-transmissive plates located between the rear panel and front window and generally parallel to the horizontal surface of the rear panel;
• a plurality of vertical side walls for spacing the first plate from the horizontal surface of the rear panel, the second plate from the first plate, and the front window from the second plate, the vertical side walls defining a plurality of stacks of three vertically-aligned cells, each cell in a stack containing a light-transmissive fluid and charged, light-absorbing pigment particles having a color different from the color of the pigment particles in the other two cells in the stack, each stack thereby forming a multicolored pixel;
• an electrode on the cell-interior surface of the vertical side walls for collecting the charged pigment particles to substantially remove them from the path of light through the cell;
• a counter electrode in each cell for distributing the pigment particles throughout the light-transmissive fluid of the cell to place the particles in the path of light through the cell;
• and
• a plurality of counter electrode driving elements on the horizontal surface of the rear panel, each driving element being associated with and electrically connected to a counter electrode.