Methods for raising pre-adult anadromous fish
AssigneeMariCal, Inc.
InventorsH. William Harris JR., David R. Russell, Jacqueline Nearing, Marlies Betka
Life of this patent
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Abstract
The invention relates to methods, compositions and kits for improving the raising of pre-adult anadromous fish, or preparing pre-adult anadromous fish for transfer to seawater. The methods involve adding at least one Polyvalent Cation Sensing Receptor (PVCR) modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to increase expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR; and adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed comprises an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of the PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish.
Claims95
A method of improving the raising of pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one Polyvalent Cation Sensing Receptor (PVCR) modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish.
A method of preparing pre-adult anadromous fish for transfer from freshwater to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish.
A method for preparing pre-adult anadromous fish for transfer from freshwater to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains at least about 1% NaCl by weight.
A method of improving the raising of pre-adult salmon, wherein the pre-adult salmon are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult salmon fish.
A method of preparing pre-adult salmon for transfer from freshwater to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult salmon fish.
A method for preparing pre-adult salmon for transfer from freshwater to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains at least about 1% NaCl by weight.
A method of increasing the growth rate of one or more pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish.
A method of increasing food consumption of pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, comprising:
- a) subjecting the pre-adult anadromous fish to at least one PVCR modulator in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish.
A method of increasing food consumption of pre-adult anadromous fish after transfer to seawater, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish;
- and
- c) transferring the pre-adult anadromous fish to seawater.
A method of increasing survival of pre-adult anadromous fish undergoing smoltification in freshwater, comprising:
- a) introducing the pre-adult anadromous fish to freshwater having at least one PVCR modulator in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains at least about 1% NaCl by weight;
- wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in the freshwater sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity said PVCR.
A method of preparing pre-adult anadromous parr for transfer from freshwater to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous parr;
- and
- c) transferring the pre-adult anadromous parr to seawater.
A method for reducing osmotic stress upon transfer of pre-adult anadromous fish from freshwater to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains at least about 1% NaCl by weight;
- and
- c) transferring the pre-adult anadromous fish to seawater;
- wherein, once transferred to seawater, the pre-adult anadromous fish have increased growth and decreased stress, as compared to pre-adult anadromous fish that are not subjected to steps a) and b).
A method of reducing mortality of pre-adult anadromous fish upon transfer from freshwater to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains at least about 1% NaCl by weight;
- and
- c) transferring the pre-adult anadromous fish to seawater.
A method of improving feeding in pre-adult anadromous fish immediately after transfer from freshwater to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains at least about 1% NaCl by weight;
- and
- c) transferring the pre-adult anadromous fish to seawater.
A method of transferring a pre-adult anadromous fish from freshwater to seawater having a temperature of about 14° C. to about 19° C., comprising:
- a) adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains at least about 1% NaCl by weight;
- and
- c) transferring the pre-adult anadromous fish to seawater.
A method of reducing an amount of time between generations of pre-adult anadromous fish, comprising:
- a) maintaining pre-adult anadromous fish in a freshwater environment having at least one PVCR modulator in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains at least about 1% NaCl by weight.
A method of preparing pre-adult anadromous fish for transfer from freshwater to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR in the brain of the pre-adult anadromous fish;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish.
A method of preparing pre-adult anadromous char for transfer from freshwater to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous char.
A method of preparing pre-adult anadromous trout for transfer from freshwater to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one PVCR modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous trout.
A method of determining whether a pre-adult anadromous fish is ready for transfer to seawater, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish is subjected to a freshwater environment having at least one PVCR modulator, and feed having at least about 1% NaCl by weight;
- said method comprising assessing the amount of PVCR expression in the pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein an increased level of expression in at least one organ or tissue, as compared to a control, indicates that the pre-adult anadromous fish is ready for transfer to seawater.
A method of improving the raising of pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one Polyvalent Cation Sensing Receptor (PVCR) modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an agent that contributes to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish.
An aquatic mixture for providing an environment to improve the raising of pre-adult anadromous fish, comprising at least one PVCR modulator.
A kit for improving the raising of pre-adult anadromous fish, comprising:
- a) an aquatic mixture for providing an environment to improve the raising of pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the aquatic mixture comprises at least one PVCR modulator;
- and
- b) an aquatic food composition containing a concentration of NaCl between about 10,000 mg/kg and about 100,000 mg/kg.
A kit for determining whether a pre-adult anadromous fish is ready for transfer to seawater;
- said kit comprises an anti-PVCR antibody.
A kit for determining whether a pre-adult anadromous fish is ready for transfer to seawater;
- said kit comprises a nucleic acid sequence having a detectable label that can hybridize to nucleic acid of an aquatic PVCR.
A method of improving the raising of pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one Polyvalent Cation Sensing Receptor (PVCR) modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish;
- and
- c) exposing the pre-adult anadromous fish to a photoperiod sufficient to increase growth and/or induce smoltification.
A method of transferring pre-adult anadromous fish to seawater, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one Polyvalent Cation Sensing Receptor (PVCR) modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish;
- c) transferring the pre-adult anadromous fish to seawater;
- and
- d) exposing the pre-adult anadromous fish to a photoperiod sufficient to increase growth and/or induce smoltification.
A method of improving the raising of pre-adult anadromous fish., wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one Polyvalent Cation Sensing Receptor (PVCR) modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish;
- and
- c) transferring the fish to seawater, wherein the fish weigh between about 15 grams and 120 grams.
A method for improving the feed conversion ratio (FCR) for pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding at least one Polyvalent Cation Sensing Receptor (PVCR) modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish;
- and
- c) transferring the fish to seawater,
- wherein the FCR is sufficient to maintain the growth and feed consumption of the fish.
A method of improving the raising of pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding magnesium and calcium to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl and at least one amino acid sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of calcium and/or magnesium in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish.
A method of increasing Sodium Potassium ATPase (Na+ K+ ATPase) activity in chloride cells in tissues of pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater;
- the method comprises:
- a) adding at least one Polyvalent Cation Sensing Receptor (PVCR) modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish;
- wherein an increase in chloride cells in Na+ K+ ATPase activity occurs, as compared to fish not subjected to steps a) and b).
A method of decreasing the number of chloride cells in secondary lamellae in gill tissue of pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater;
- the method comprises:
- a) adding at least one Polyvalent Cation Sensing Receptor (PVCR) modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish;
- wherein a decrease in chloride cells in secondary lamellae in gill tissue occurs, as compared to fish not subjected to steps a) and b).
A method for modulating gut motility in pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater;
- the method comprises:
- a) adding at least one Polyvalent Cation Sensing Receptor (PVCR) modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR in epithelial and neuroendocrine cells of the gasterointestinal tract and the brain;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl and at least one amino acid sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR, modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish;
- wherein an increase in growth in the pre-adult anadromous fish occurs, as compared to pre-adult anadromous fish that are not subjected to steps a) and b).
A method for modulating gut motility in pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater;
- the method comprises:
- a) adding at least one Polyvalent Cation Sensing Receptor (PVCR) modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl and at least one amino acid sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR, modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish;
- and
- c) transferring the pre-adult anadromous fish to seawater;
- wherein modulation in the activity of 5-hydrotryptamine (5-HT), serotonin or melatonin occurs;
- and an increase in growth in the pre-adult anadromous fish occurs, as compared to pre-adult anadromous fish that are not subjected to steps a) and b).
A method for improving the utilization of feed components by pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater;
- the method comprises:
- a) adding at least one Polyvalent Cation Sensing Receptor (PVCR) modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR in epithelial and neuroendocrine cells of the gasterointestinal tract and the brain;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl and at least one amino acid sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish;
- wherein an increase in growth in the pre-adult anadromous fish occurs, as compared to pre-adult anadromous fish that are not subjected to steps a) and b).
A method for reducing osmotic stress in pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater;
- the method comprises:
- a) adding at least one Polyvalent Cation Sensing Receptor (PVCR) modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl and at least one amino acid sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish;
- and
- c) transferring the pre-adult anadromous fish to seawater;
- wherein modulating the expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR occurs in chloride cells in gill tissue, or epithelial cells in the gasterointestinal tract, tubules of the kidney, skin or urinary bladder.
The method of improving the intake and sensing of food of pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater;
- the method comprises:
- a) adding at least one Polyvalent Cation Sensing Receptor (PVCR) modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl and at least one amino acid sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish;
- and
- c) transferring the pre-adult anadromous fish to seawater;
- wherein modulation of the expression and/or sensitivity of the PVCR occurs in cells of olfactory lamellae or olfactory bulb.
A method for modulating circulating hormone concentrations in pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater;
- the method comprises:
- a) adding at least one Polyvalent Cation Sensing Receptor (PVCR) modulator to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl and at least one amino acid sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of said PVCR modulator in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish;
- and
- c) transferring the pre-adult anadromous fish to seawater;
- wherein an increase in growth in the pre-adult anadromous fish occurs, as compared to pre-adult anadromous fish that are not subjected to steps a) and b).
A method of improving the raising of pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding magnesium and calcium to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl and at least one PVCR modulator sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of calcium and/or magnesium in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish.
A feed for consumption by anadromous fish in freshwater, wherein the feed comprises:
- a) one or more sources of nutrition;
- b) an amount of NaCl between about 10,000 mg/kg and about 100,000 mg/kg;
- and
- c) an amount of tryptophan between about 1 gm/kg and about 10 gm/kg;
- wherein the feed modulates expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR.
A method of improving the raising of pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding magnesium and calcium to the freshwater in an amount sufficient to modulate expression and/or sensitivity of at least one PVCR;
- and
- b) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains an amount of NaCl sufficient to contribute to a significantly increased level of calcium and/or magnesium in serum of the pre-adult anadromous fish.
A method of improving the raising of pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding magnesium to the freshwater in an amount between about 0.5 mM and about 100 mM;
- b) adding calcium to the freshwater in an amount between about 2.0 mM and about 10.0 mM;
- c) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains about 7% NaCl by weight and tryptophan in a concentration between about 1 gm/kg and about 10 gm/kg;
- and
- d) exposing the pre-adult anadromous fish to a photoperiod.
A method of improving the raising of pre-adult anadromous fish, wherein the pre-adult anadromous fish are maintained in freshwater prior to transfer to seawater, comprising:
- a) adding magnesium to the freshwater in an amount between about 0.5 mM and about 10.0 mM;
- b) adding calcium to the freshwater in an amount between about 2.0 mM and about 10.0 mM;
- c) adding feed for fish consumption to the freshwater, wherein the feed contains about 7% NaCl by weight;
- and
- d) exposing the pre-adult anadromous fish to a photoperiod.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.