Microarray methods utilizing semiconductor nanocrystals

An analytical method, comprising:

• (a) providing a first plurality of nucleic acid primers having a 3′ end and a 5′ end and which primers are immobilized on a solid support at positionally distinct locations thereon to provide a first array, wherein the plurality comprises a first primer complementary to a first target nucleic acid having an allelic site;
• (b) contacting the first array with a sample containing or suspected of containing the first target nucleic acid, in the presence of a first terminating nucleotide linked to a first semiconductor nanocrystal through a linker, under conditions such that the first target nucleic acid hybridizes to the first primer to form a first target-primer complex and such that if the first terminating nucleotide is complementary to the nucleotide at the allelic site the first primer is extended to incorporate the first terminating nucleotide to provide an extended primer;
• and
• (c) identifying which location or locations includes extended primer by detecting the presence therein of the first semiconductor nanocrystal.

An analytical method, comprising:

• (a) providing a first plurality of antiligands immobilized on a solid support at positionally distinct locations thereon to provide a first array, wherein the first plurality comprises a first antiligand that is a binding partner of a first ligand;
• (b) contacting the first array with a sample containing or suspected of containing the first ligand, whereby the first antiligand and the first ligand interact to form a first binary complex;
• (c) contacting the first binary complexes with a second antiligand wherein the second antiligand is (i) a binding partner of the first ligand and (ii) linked to a first semiconductor nanocrystal through a linker, whereby the second antiligand binds to the first ligand in the first binary complex to form a first ternary complex;
• and
• (d) identifying which location of the array includes the first ternary complex by detecting the presence therein of the first semiconductor nanocrystal.

An analytical method, comprising:

• (a) providing a first plurality of antiligands immobilized on a solid support at positionally distinct locations thereon to provide a first array, wherein the plurality comprises a first antiligand that is a binding partner of a first ligand;
• (b) contacting the first array with a sample containing or suspected of the first ligand, whereby the first ligand and the first antiligand interact to form a first complex;
• (c) labeling the first ligand in the first complex with a first semiconductor nanocrystal;
• and
• (d) identifying which location of the array includes the first complex by detecting the presence therein of the first semiconductor nanocrystal.