Electrostatic image developing process with optimized setpoints

A process for developing electrostatic images, comprising:

• moving an electrostatic imaging member having an electrostatic image at a member velocity;
• rotating a shell with a shell surface velocity adjacent said electrostatic imaging member and co-directional with said member velocity;
• and
• rotating a plurality of magnetic poles inside said shell, said shell and said magnetic poles bringing a mixture of toner and hard magnetic carriers into contact with said electrostatic imaging member thereby depositing toner on said electrostatic image with a uniform toner density, wherein said shell surface velocity is greater than or equal to a minimum shell surface velocity below which toner plate-out occurs on said shell adjacent said electrostatic image member thereby preventing toner plate-out on said shell.

A process for developing electrostatic images, comprising:

• moving an electrostatic imaging member having an electrostatic image at a member velocity;
• rotating a shell with a shell surface velocity adjacent said electrostatic imaging member and co-directional with said member velocity;
• and
• rotating a plurality of magnetic poles inside said shell, said shell and said magnetic poles bringing a mixture of toner and hard magnetic carriers into contact with said electrostatic imaging member thereby depositing toner on said electrostatic image;
• said shell surface velocity being greater than a shell surface velocity that creates noticeably greater toner density on leading edges of said electrostatic image than on the balance of said electrostatic image, and less than a shell surface velocity that creates noticeably greater toner density on trailing edges of said electrostatic image than on the balance of said electrostatic image.

A process for developing electrostatic images, comprising:

• moving an electrostatic imaging member having an electrostatic image at a member velocity, said electrostatic image having leading edges and trailing edges;
• rotating a shell with a shell surface velocity adjacent said electrostatic imaging member and co-directional with said member velocity;
• and
• rotating a plurality of magnetic poles inside a shell and rotating said shell with a shell surface velocity co-directional with said member velocity, said shell and said magnetic poles bringing a mixture of toner and hard magnetic carriers into contact with said electrostatic imaging member thereby depositing toner on said electrostatic image with a toner density wherein
• (a) there is a minimum shell surface velocity below which toner density on said leading edges is noticeably greater than on the balance of said electrostatic image, and
• (b) there is a maximum shell surface velocity above which toner density on said trailing edges is noticeably greater than on the balance of said electrostatic image,
• said shell surface velocity being greater than or equal to said minimum shell surface velocity and less than or equal to said maximum shell surface velocity.

A process for developing electrostatic images, comprising:

• moving an electrostatic imaging member having an electrostatic image at a member velocity, said electrostatic imaging member being electrically grounded and defining a ground plane;
• rotating a shell with a shell surface velocity adjacent said electrostatic imaging member and co-directional with said member velocity;
• rotating a plurality of magnetic poles inside said shell, said shell and said magnetic poles bringing a mixture of toner and hard magnetic carriers into contact with said electrostatic imaging member;
• and,
• biasing said shell relative to said ground with a voltage thereby creating an electric field that attracts toner particles to said electrostatic image with a uniform toner density, said electric field being a maximum where said shell is adjacent to said electrostatic member;
• wherein said shell surface velocity is greater than or equal to a minimum shell surface velocity below which toner plate-out occurs on said shell adjacent said electrostatic imaging member.