# US 12,769,132 B2 · Display structure, display device, and vehicle > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,769,132 B2 - Document ID: US12769132B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/716,870 - Filed: 2022-11-21 - Published: 2025-01-30 - Granted: 2026-10-20 - Earliest claimed: 2021-12-07 - Assignees: Dispelix Oy - Applicants: Dispelix Oy - Inventors: Hanna Lajunen; Toni Saastamoinen - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12769132B2 ## CPC - G02B 27/0172: {characterised by optical features} - B60K 35/23: Head-up displays [HUD] (optical aspects of head-up displays G02B27/01) - G02B 27/0081: {with means for altering, e.g. enlarging, the entrance or exit pupil} - G02B 27/0101: {characterised by optical features (G02B27/0172 takes precedence)} - B60K 2360/33: Illumination features - G02B 2027/0123: {comprising devices increasing the field of view} - G02B 2027/0178: {Eyeglass type (eyeglass details G02C)} - G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS - B60K: ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES ## Abstract A display structure, a display device, and a vehicle are disclosed. The display structure comprises a waveguide; an in-coupling structure configured to in-couple a set of in-coupled beams; a diffractive exit pupil expansion structure configured to receive and diffract the set of in-coupled beams to form a first set of guided beams and a second set of guided beams; and a diffractive out-coupling structure configured to receive from the exit pupil expansion structure a first diffracted set of beams and a second diffracted set of beams and to out-couple light from the first diffracted set of beams and from the second diffracted set of beams. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A display structure, comprising: a waveguide; an in-coupling structure configured to couple a set of input beams into the waveguide as a set of in-coupled beams associated with a set of in-coupled k-vectors defining a first domain in k-space in an annular guided propagation domain associated with the waveguide; and a diffractive exit pupil expansion structure configured to receive the set of in-coupled beams and to diffract the set of in-coupled beams to form a first set of guided beams and a second set of guided beams associated with a first set of k-vectors and a second set of k-vectors, respectively, lying in the first domain and in a second domain disjoint with the first domain, respectively; wherein the display structure further comprises a diffractive out-coupling structure configured to receive from the exit pupil expansion structure a first diffracted set of beams and a second diffracted set of beams associated with a first diffracted set of k-vectors and a second diffracted set of k-vectors, respectively, lying in the first domain and the second domain, respectively; and the out-coupling structure is configured to couple light from the first diffracted set of beams and light from the second diffracted set of beams out of the waveguide. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The display structure according to claim 1, wherein the exit pupil expansion structure is configured to diffract the set of in-coupled beams by zeroth-order and first-order diffractions to form the first set of guided beams and the second set of guided beams. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The display structure according to claim 1, wherein the exit pupil expansion structure is configured to further increase number of diffracted beams by diffracting the first set of guided beams and the second set of guided beams. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The display structure according to claim 1, wherein the exit pupil expansion structure comprises a one-dimensional exit pupil expansion grating for diffracting the set of in-coupled beams to form the first set of guided beams and the second set of guided beams. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The display structure according to claim 1, wherein the first domain defines a first light guiding direction, the second domain defines a second light guiding direction, and a smallest angle, a, between the first light guiding direction and the second light guiding direction is greater than or equal to 45°, or to 55°, and less than or equal to 65°, or to 75°. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The display structure according to claim 1, wherein the out-coupling structure is further configured to diffract the first diffracted set of beams and the second diffracted set of beams to form a first additional set of beams and a second additional set of beams, respectively, associated with a first additional set of k-vectors and a second additional set of k-vectors, respectively, lying in the second domain and the first domain, respectively. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The display structure according to claim 6, wherein the out-coupling structure comprises a two-dimensional out-coupling grating having a first periodicity for coupling light from the first diffracted set of beams out of the waveguide, a second periodicity for coupling light from the second diffracted set of beams out of the waveguide, and a third periodicity for forming the first additional set of beams and the second additional set of beams. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The display structure according to claim 1, wherein the in-coupling structure is configured to couple the set of input beams into the waveguide such that light from the set of in-coupled beams is guided to the out-coupling structure without being subjected to non-zeroth-order diffractions. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The display structure according to claim 1, wherein the in-coupling structure is further configured to couple the set of input beams into the waveguide as a secondary set of in-coupled beams associated with a secondary set of in-coupled k-vectors lying in the second domain, and the exit pupil expansion structure is configured to receive the secondary set of in-coupled beams and to diffract the secondary set of in-coupled beams to form a first secondary set of guided beams and a second secondary set of guided beams associated with a first secondary set of k-vectors and a second secondary set of k-vectors, respectively, lying in the first domain and the second domain, respectively. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The display structure according to claim 9, wherein the in-coupling structure comprises a two-dimensional in-coupling grating for coupling the set of input beams into the waveguide as the set of in-coupled beams and as the secondary set of in-coupled beams. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) A display device comprising the display structure in accordance with claim 1. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The display device according to claim 11 implemented as a see-through display device. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The display device according to claim 11 implemented as a portable display device. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The display device according to claim 11 implemented as a vehicular display device. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) A vehicle comprising the vehicular display device in accordance with claim 14.