# US 12,764,010 B2 · Method, apparatus, and medium for modulation of waveform in fractional domain for integrated sensing and communication > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,764,010 B2 - Document ID: US12764010B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/459,409 - Filed: 2023-08-31 - Published: 2023-12-21 - Granted: 2026-10-13 - Earliest claimed: 2021-03-20 - Assignees: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. - Applicants: Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. - Inventors: Navid Tadayon; Alireza Bayesteh; Jianglei Ma - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12764010B2 ## CPC - H04L 27/2636: {with FFT or DFT modulators, e.g. standard single-carrier frequency-division multiple access [SC-FDMA] transmitter or DFT spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing [DFT-SOFDM]} - H04L 27/2602: {Signal structure} - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract A method for an apparatus comprises obtaining a frequency modulation parameter corresponding to a frequency change rate of a frequency-modulated subcarrier; generating an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based waveform signal comprising a plurality of frequency-modulated subcarriers, the plurality of frequency-modulated subcarriers modulated according to the obtained frequency modulation parameter; and outputting the OFDM-based waveform signal. A plurality of modulated symbols may be generated from a sequence of bits and the modulated symbols may be precoded, according to the frequency modulation parameter, to generate precoded symbols. The OFDM-based waveform signal may then be generated from the precoded symbols. A corresponding method for detecting and decoding the waveform signal is also provided. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for an apparatus, the method comprising: obtaining a frequency modulation parameter corresponding to a frequency change rate of a frequency-modulated subcarrier; generating an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based waveform signal comprising a plurality of frequency-modulated subcarriers, the plurality of frequency-modulated subcarriers modulated according to the obtained frequency modulation parameter; and outputting the OFDM-based waveform signal, the method further comprising: generating a plurality of modulated symbols from a sequence of bits; and precoding the plurality of modulated symbols, according to the frequency modulation parameter, to generate a plurality of precoded symbols, wherein the OFDM-based waveform signal is generated from the plurality of precoded symbols, wherein the precoding comprises multiplication of the plurality of modulated symbols with a chirp function selected according to the frequency change rate. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising obtaining a fractional order α based on the frequency modulation parameter, wherein the precoding further comprises fractional domain Fourier transformation of the plurality of modulated symbols to generate the plurality of precoded symbols in a fractional domain of a fractional order [−(α−1)]. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the precoding further comprises interleaving the plurality of modulated symbols with pilot symbols. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the generating the OFDM-based waveform signal comprises interleaving the plurality of precoded symbols with pilot symbols. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the generating the plurality of modulated symbols from the sequence of bits comprises: generating a first plurality of modulated symbols from the sequence of bits, and discrete Fourier transform (DFT) precoding the first plurality of modulated symbols to generate a second plurality of modulated symbols; and the precoding the plurality of modulated symbols comprises precoding the second plurality of modulated symbols, according to the frequency modulation parameter, to generate the plurality of precoded symbols. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising obtaining an overlap parameter for indicating an overlap between a first frequency-modulated subcarrier of the plurality of frequency-modulated subcarriers and a second frequency-modulated subcarrier of the plurality of frequency-modulated subcarriers, the overlap being in at least one of a time domain or a frequency domain. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising obtaining a frequency bandwidth parameter for indicating a frequency bandwidth associated with the plurality of frequency-modulated subcarriers. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the frequency modulation parameter comprises receiving control signaling for indicating the frequency modulation parameter and at least one of a symbol duration, a frequency-modulated subcarrier spacing, or an overlap parameter. ### Claim 9 A method for an apparatus, the method comprising: obtaining a frequency modulation parameter corresponding to a frequency change rate of a frequency-modulated subcarrier; receiving an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based waveform signal comprising a plurality of frequency-modulated subcarriers, the plurality of frequency-modulated subcarriers modulated according to the frequency modulation parameter; and decoding the plurality of frequency-modulated subcarriers, wherein the received OFDM-based waveform signal is generated from a plurality of precoded symbols generated from multiplication of a plurality of modulated symbols with a chirp function selected according to the frequency change rate. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, comprising obtaining a fractional order α based on the frequency modulation parameter, wherein the received OFDM-based waveform signal is generated from the plurality of precoded symbols further generated from fractional domain Fourier transformation, in a fractional domain of a fractional order [−(α−1)], of the plurality of modulated symbols. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the plurality of modulated symbols are interleaved with pilot symbols in the plurality of precoded symbols, and the decoding comprises channel equalization based on the pilot symbols. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the plurality of precoded symbols are interleaved with pilot symbols in the OFDM-based waveform signal, and the decoding comprises channel equalization based on the pilot symbols. ### Claim 13 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, further comprising obtaining an overlap parameter for indicating an overlap between a first frequency-modulated subcarrier of the plurality of frequency-modulated subcarriers and a second frequency-modulated subcarrier of the plurality of frequency-modulated subcarriers, the overlap being in at least one of a time domain or a frequency domain. ### Claim 14 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, further comprising obtaining a frequency bandwidth parameter for indicating a frequency bandwidth associated with the plurality of frequency-modulated subcarriers. ### Claim 15 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein obtaining the frequency modulation parameter comprises receiving control signaling for indicating the frequency modulation parameter and at least one of a symbol duration, a frequency-modulated subcarrier spacing, or an overlap parameter. ### Claim 16 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, further comprising transmitting control signaling for indicating the frequency modulation parameter and at least one of a symbol duration, a frequency-modulated subcarrier spacing, or an overlap parameter. ### Claim 17 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein the OFDM-based waveform signal comprises a cyclic prefix (CP). ### Claim 18 An apparatus comprising: a memory to store processor-executable instructions; and a processor to execute the processor-executable instructions to cause the apparatus to perform a method comprising: obtaining a frequency modulation parameter corresponding to a frequency change rate of a frequency-modulated subcarrier, and transmitting or receiving an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based waveform signal comprising a plurality of frequency-modulated subcarriers, the plurality of frequency-modulated subcarriers modulated according to the obtained frequency modulation parameter, wherein the OFDM-based waveform signal is generated from a plurality of precoded symbols generated from multiplication of a plurality of modulated symbols with a chirp function selected according to the frequency change rate.