# US 12,763,310 B2 · Lithium metal electrodes > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,763,310 B2 - Document ID: US12763310B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/125,070 - Filed: 2020-12-17 - Published: 2021-06-24 - Granted: 2026-10-13 - Earliest claimed: 2019-12-20 - Assignees: Sion Power Corporation - Applicants: Sion Power Corporation - Inventors: Michael G. Laramie; Yuriy V. Mikhaylik; Chariclea Scordilis-Kelley - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12763310B2 ## CPC - H01M 4/0428: {Chemical vapour deposition} - H01M 4/0409: {by a doctor blade method, slip-casting or roller coating} - H01M 4/134: Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys - H01M 4/1395: of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys - H01M 4/366: {as layered products} - H01M 4/382: {Lithium (H01M4/405 takes precedence)} - H01M 10/052: Li-accumulators - H01M 2004/021: {Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area} - H01M 2004/027: {Negative electrodes} - H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY ## Abstract Lithium metal electrodes, modular lithium deposition systems, and associated articles and methods are generally described. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An article for inclusion in an electrchemical cell, comprising: a layer comprising lithium metal; and a passivating layer disposed directly on the layer comprising lithium metal, wherein the passivating layer comprises boron, phosphorus, antimony, selenium, tellurium, hydrogen, and/or a halogen, wherein the passivating layer comprises a reaction product of lithium metal from the layer comprising lithium metal and a gas reactive therewith, wherein the passivating layer comprises irregular structures that anisotropically extend away from the layer comprising lithium metal, wherein the passivating layer comprises open pores, wherein the passivating layer has a porosity of greater than or equal to 5%, the passivating layer has a lightness of greater than or equal to 20 and less than or equal to 65, wherein the layer comprising lithium metal has an Rz value of between 1 micron and 10 microns, and wherein the layer comprising lithium metal comprises at least 95 wt % lithium. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The article for inclusion in an electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the passivating layer further comprises oxygen. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The article for inclusion in an electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the passivating layer comprises hydrogen. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The article for inclusion in an electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the passivating layer further comprises nitrogen. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The article for inclusion in an electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein an elastic modulus of the layer comprising lithium metal is less than 4.9 GPa. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The article for inclusion in an electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the layer comprising lithium metal has a thickness of greater than or equal to 1 micron and less than or equal to 50 microns. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The article for inclusion in an electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the passivating layer has a thickness of less than or equal to 0.5 microns. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The article for inclusion in an electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the open pores extend at least partially through the passivating layer. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The article for inclusion in an electrochemical cell as in claim 8, wherein the open pores extend fully through the passivating layer. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The article for inclusion in an electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the passivating layer has a thickness of greater than or equal to 0.01 micron and less than or equal to 5 microns. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The article for inclusion in an electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the passivating layer has an Ra of greater than or equal to 0.2 microns and less than or equal to 0.75 microns. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The article for inclusion in an electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the passivating layer has an Rq of greater than or equal to 0.2 microns and less than or equal to 0.75 microns. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The article for inclusion in an electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the passivating layer has an Rz of greater than or equal to 1 micron and less than or equal to 7.5 microns. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The article for inclusion in an electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the passivating layer has an Saq of greater than or equal to 60 and less than or equal to 90. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The article for inclusion in an electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the passivating layer has an Sku of greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The article for inclusion in an electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the passivating layer has an Sbi of greater than or equal to greater than or equal to 0.4 microns and less than or equal to 0.8 microns. ### Claim 17 An article for inclusion in an electrochemical cell, comprising: a layer comprising lithium metal; and a passivating layer disposed directly on the layer comprising lithium metal, wherein the passivating layer comprises boron, phosphorus, antimony, selenium, tellurium, hydrogen, and/or a halogen, wherein the passivating layer comprises a reaction product of lithium metal from the layer comprising lithium metal and a gas reactive therewith, wherein the passivating layer comprises irregular structures that anisotropically extend away from the layer comprising lithium metal, wherein the passivating layer comprises open pores, wherein the passivating layer has a porosity of greater than or equal to 5%, the passivating layer has a red/green saturation of greater than or equal to 2.5 and less than or equal to 8, wherein the layer comprising lithium metal has an Rz value of between 1 micron and 10 microns, and wherein the layer comprising lithium metal comprises at least 95 wt % lithium. ### Claim 18 An article for inclusion in an electrochemical cell, comprising: a layer comprising lithium metal; and a passivating layer disposed directly on the layer comprising lithium metal, wherein the passivating layer comprises boron, phosphorus, antimony, selenium, tellurium, hydrogen, and/or a halogen, wherein the passivating layer comprises a reaction product of lithium metal from the layer comprising lithium metal and a gas reactive therewith, wherein the passivating layer comprises irregular structures that anisotropically extend away from the layer comprising lithium metal, wherein the passivating layer comprises open pores, wherein the passivating layer has a porosity of greater than or equal to 5%, the passivating layer has a yellow/blue saturation of greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 12.5, wherein the layer comprising lithium metal has an Rz value of between 1 micron and 10 microns, and wherein the layer comprising lithium metal comprises at least 95 wt % lithium.