# US 12,762,813 B2 · Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for real-time communication > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,762,813 B2 - Document ID: US12762813B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/610,107 - Filed: 2024-03-19 - Published: 2024-12-05 - Granted: 2026-10-13 - Earliest claimed: 2023-06-04 - Assignees: Apple Inc. - Applicants: Apple Inc. - Inventors: Shih-Sang Chiu; Long H. Ngo; Wesley M. Holder; Stephen O. Lemay; William A. Sorrentino, III; Rajat Bhardwaj; Giancarlo Yerkes; Jason D. Rickwald; Rupert Burton - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12762813B2 ## CPC - G06T 19/20: Editing of three-dimensional [3D] images, e.g. changing shapes or colours, aligning objects or positioning parts - G06F 3/013: {Eye tracking input arrangements (G06F3/015 takes precedence)} - G06F 3/04815: Interaction with a metaphor-based environment or interaction object displayed as three-dimensional [3D], e.g. changing the user viewpoint with respect to the environment or object - G06F 3/0484: for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range - G06T 5/70: Denoising; Smoothing - G06T 19/006: {Mixed reality (object pose determination, tracking or camera calibration for mixed reality G06T7/00)} - H04L 65/1069: Session establishment or de-establishment - H04L 65/1086: {session scope modification} - H04L 65/1089: by adding media; by removing media - H04N 7/152: {Multipoint control units therefor} - H04N 7/157: {defining a virtual conference space and using avatars or agents (computer conference optimisation or adaptation H04L12/1827)} - G06T 2200/24: involving graphical user interfaces [GUIs] - G06T 2219/024: Multi-user, collaborative environment - G06T 2219/2004: Aligning objects, relative positioning of parts - G06T: IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION ## Abstract The present disclosure generally relates to user interfaces for electronic devices, including user interfaces for real-time communications. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A computer system configured to communicate with one or more display generation components, comprising: one or more processors; and memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: displaying, via the one or more display generation components and within a three-dimensional environment, a real-time communication user interface that corresponds to a real-time communication session between a user of the computer system and one or more participants in the real-time communication session different from the user of the computer system, wherein displaying the real-time communication user interface includes displaying a first spatially-constrained representation of a first participant of the one or more participants in the real-time communication session, wherein the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant includes: a first portal; and a first three-dimensional representation of the first participant that is displayed within the first portal, and while displaying the real-time communication user interface, including the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, receiving an indication of detected movement by the first participant; in response to receiving the indication of detected movement by the first participant, displaying, via the one or more display generation components, movement of the first three-dimensional representation within the first portal; and while displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, changing a visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant based on a determination that a first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The computer system of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for: while displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, detecting movement by the user of the computer system that shifts a viewpoint of the user of the computer system relative to the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant; and in response to detecting the movement by the user of the computer system: moving the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal based on the detected movement by the user of the computer system. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The computer system of claim 2, wherein moving the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal based on the detected movement by the user of the computer system comprises moving the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal after a first delay period after detecting the movement by the user of the computer system. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The computer system of claim 2, wherein moving the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal based on the detected movement by the user of the computer system comprises moving the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant in a horizontal direction while maintaining a depth of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The computer system of claim 1, the one or more programs further including instructions for: while displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, detecting, via one or more input devices, a gaze input by the user of the computer system; and in response to detecting the gaze input by the user of the computer system: in accordance with a determination that the gaze input is directed toward the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant turned to face the user of the computer system; and in accordance with a determination that the gaze input is not directed toward the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant with the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant turned away from facing the user of the computer system. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The computer system of claim 1, wherein displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant comprises: in accordance with a determination that a position of the user of the computer system with respect to the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant is at a first angle with respect to the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, displaying a first portion of the first three-dimensional representation without displaying a second portion of the first three-dimensional representation; and in accordance with a determination that the position of the user of the computer system with respect to the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant is at a second angle with respect to the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant different from the first angle, displaying the first portion and the second portion of the first three-dimensional representation. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The computer system of claim 6, wherein displaying the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation without displaying the second portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises forgoing display of the second portion of the first three-dimensional representation based on a determination that the second portion of the first three-dimensional representation is within a threshold proximity of the first portal. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The computer system of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises one or more hands of the first three-dimensional representation. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The computer system of claim 1, wherein changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant comprises moving the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant to change a depth of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The computer system of claim 1, wherein changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant comprises visually distorting the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation based on the determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The computer system of claim 10, wherein the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises one or more hands of the first three-dimensional representation. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The computer system of claim 10, wherein the determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal comprises a determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a front boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The computer system of claim 10, wherein visually distorting the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises distorting a size of the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation based on the determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The computer system of claim 10, wherein visually distorting the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises blurring the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation based on the determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) The computer system of claim 10, wherein visually distorting the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises applying spherical distortion to the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation based on the determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 16 (depends on 10) The computer system of claim 10, wherein visually distorting the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises applying simulated lens distortion to the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation based on the determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 17 (depends on 10) The computer system of claim 10, wherein changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant based on a determination that a first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal comprises changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation to prevent any portion of the first three-dimensional representation from extending outside of the first portal. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The computer system of claim 1, wherein changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant comprises ceasing movement of the first portion even as further movement by the first participant is detected in a direction that corresponds to a direction toward the boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The computer system of claim 1, wherein changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant comprises slowing movement of the first portion without corresponding slowing of movement by the first participant. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The computer system of claim 1, wherein changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant comprises cropping the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The computer system of claim 20, wherein cropping the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises gradually fading the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation as the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation approaches the boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 22 (depends on 1) The computer system of claim 1, wherein displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant comprises concurrently displaying: a first section of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal; and a second section of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant extending outside of the first portal. ### Claim 23 (depends on 1) The computer system of claim 1, wherein: the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant further comprises background content displayed within the first portal; and the background content displayed within the first portal is selected by the first participant. ### Claim 24 (depends on 1) The computer system of claim 1, wherein: the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant further comprises first background content displayed within the first portal; and the first background content includes visual content that is determined based on a first three-dimensional environment that surrounds the user of the computer system. ### Claim 25 (depends on 1) The computer system of claim 1, wherein: the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant further comprises second background content displayed within the first portal; and the second background content includes visual content that is determined based on a first three-dimensional environment that surrounds the first participant. ### Claim 26 A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of a computer system that is in communication with one or more display generation components, the one or more programs including instructions for: displaying, via the one or more display generation components and within a three-dimensional environment, a real-time communication user interface that corresponds to a real-time communication session between a user of the computer system and one or more participants in the real-time communication session different from the user of the computer system, wherein displaying the real-time communication user interface includes displaying a first spatially-constrained representation of a first participant of the one or more participants in the real-time communication session, wherein the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant includes: a first portal; and a first three-dimensional representation of the first participant that is displayed within the first portal, and while displaying the real-time communication user interface, including the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, receiving an indication of detected movement by the first participant; in response to receiving the indication of detected movement by the first participant, displaying, via the one or more display generation components, movement of the first three-dimensional representation within the first portal; and while displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, changing a visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant based on a determination that a first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, the one or more programs further including instructions for: while displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, detecting movement by the user of the computer system that shifts a viewpoint of the user of the computer system relative to the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant; and in response to detecting the movement by the user of the computer system: moving the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal based on the detected movement by the user of the computer system. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 27, wherein moving the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal based on the detected movement by the user of the computer system comprises moving the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal after a first delay period after detecting the movement by the user of the computer system. ### Claim 29 (depends on 27) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 27, wherein moving the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal based on the detected movement by the user of the computer system comprises moving the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant in a horizontal direction while maintaining a depth of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal. ### Claim 30 (depends on 26) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, the one or more programs further including instructions for: while displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, detecting, via one or more input devices, a gaze input by the user of the computer system; and in response to detecting the gaze input by the user of the computer system: in accordance with a determination that the gaze input is directed toward the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant turned to face the user of the computer system; and in accordance with a determination that the gaze input is not directed toward the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant with the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant turned away from facing the user of the computer system. ### Claim 31 (depends on 26) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant comprises: in accordance with a determination that a position of the user of the computer system with respect to the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant is at a first angle with respect to the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, displaying a first portion of the first three-dimensional representation without displaying a second portion of the first three-dimensional representation; and in accordance with a determination that the position of the user of the computer system with respect to the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant is at a second angle with respect to the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant different from the first angle, displaying the first portion and the second portion of the first three-dimensional representation. ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 31, wherein displaying the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation without displaying the second portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises forgoing display of the second portion of the first three-dimensional representation based on a determination that the second portion of the first three-dimensional representation is within a threshold proximity of the first portal. ### Claim 33 (depends on 26) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises one or more hands of the first three-dimensional representation. ### Claim 34 (depends on 26) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant comprises moving the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant to change a depth of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal. ### Claim 35 (depends on 26) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant comprises visually distorting the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation based on the determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 36 (depends on 35) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises one or more hands of the first three-dimensional representation. ### Claim 37 (depends on 35) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein the determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal comprises a determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a front boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 38 (depends on 35) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein visually distorting the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises distorting a size of the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation based on the determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 39 (depends on 35) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein visually distorting the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises blurring the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation based on the determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 40 (depends on 35) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein visually distorting the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises applying spherical distortion to the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation based on the determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 41 (depends on 35) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein visually distorting the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises applying simulated lens distortion to the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation based on the determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 42 (depends on 35) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant based on a determination that a first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal comprises changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation to prevent any portion of the first three-dimensional representation from extending outside of the first portal. ### Claim 43 (depends on 26) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant comprises ceasing movement of the first portion even as further movement by the first participant is detected in a direction that corresponds to a direction toward the boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 44 (depends on 26) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant comprises slowing movement of the first portion without corresponding slowing of movement by the first participant. ### Claim 45 (depends on 26) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant comprises cropping the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation. ### Claim 46 (depends on 45) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 45, wherein cropping the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises gradually fading the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation as the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation approaches the boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 47 (depends on 26) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant comprises concurrently displaying: a first section of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal; and a second section of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant extending outside of the first portal. ### Claim 48 (depends on 26) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein: the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant further comprises background content displayed within the first portal; and the background content displayed within the first portal is selected by the first participant. ### Claim 49 (depends on 26) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein: the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant further comprises first background content displayed within the first portal; and the first background content includes visual content that is determined based on a first three-dimensional environment that surrounds the user of the computer system. ### Claim 50 (depends on 26) The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein: the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant further comprises second background content displayed within the first portal; and the second background content includes visual content that is determined based on a first three-dimensional environment that surrounds the first participant. ### Claim 51 A method, comprising: at a computer system that is in communication with one or more display generation components: displaying, via the one or more display generation components and within a three-dimensional environment, a real-time communication user interface that corresponds to a real-time communication session between a user of the computer system and one or more participants in the real-time communication session different from the user of the computer system, wherein displaying the real-time communication user interface includes displaying a first spatially-constrained representation of a first participant of the one or more participants in the real-time communication session, wherein the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant includes: a first portal; and a first three-dimensional representation of the first participant that is displayed within the first portal, and while displaying the real-time communication user interface, including the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, receiving an indication of detected movement by the first participant; in response to receiving the indication of detected movement by the first participant, displaying, via the one or more display generation components, movement of the first three-dimensional representation within the first portal; and while displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, changing a visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant based on a determination that a first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 52 (depends on 51) The method of claim 51, further comprising: while displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, detecting movement by the user of the computer system that shifts a viewpoint of the user of the computer system relative to the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant; and in response to detecting the movement by the user of the computer system: moving the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal based on the detected movement by the user of the computer system. ### Claim 53 (depends on 51) The method of claim 51, wherein moving the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal based on the detected movement by the user of the computer system comprises moving the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal after a first delay period after detecting the movement by the user of the computer system. ### Claim 54 (depends on 52) The method of claim 52, wherein moving the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal based on the detected movement by the user of the computer system comprises moving the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant in a horizontal direction while maintaining a depth of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal. ### Claim 55 (depends on 51) The method of claim 51, further comprising: while displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, detecting, via one or more input devices, a gaze input by the user of the computer system; and in response to detecting the gaze input by the user of the computer system: in accordance with a determination that the gaze input is directed toward the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant turned to face the user of the computer system; and in accordance with a determination that the gaze input is not directed toward the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant with the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant turned away from facing the user of the computer system. ### Claim 56 (depends on 51) The method of claim 51, wherein displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant comprises: in accordance with a determination that a position of the user of the computer system with respect to the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant is at a first angle with respect to the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant, displaying a first portion of the first three-dimensional representation without displaying a second portion of the first three-dimensional representation; and in accordance with a determination that the position of the user of the computer system with respect to the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant is at a second angle with respect to the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant different from the first angle, displaying the first portion and the second portion of the first three-dimensional representation. ### Claim 57 (depends on 56) The method of claim 56, wherein displaying the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation without displaying the second portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises forgoing display of the second portion of the first three-dimensional representation based on a determination that the second portion of the first three-dimensional representation is within a threshold proximity of the first portal. ### Claim 58 (depends on 51) The method of claim 51, wherein the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises one or more hands of the first three-dimensional representation. ### Claim 59 (depends on 51) The method of claim 51, wherein changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant comprises moving the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant to change a depth of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal. ### Claim 60 (depends on 51) The method of claim 51, wherein changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant comprises visually distorting the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation based on the determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 61 (depends on 60) The method of claim 60, wherein the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises one or more hands of the first three-dimensional representation. ### Claim 62 (depends on 60) The method of claim 60, wherein the determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal comprises a determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a front boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 63 (depends on 60) The method of claim 60, wherein visually distorting the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises distorting a size of the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation based on the determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 64 (depends on 60) The method of claim 60, wherein visually distorting the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises blurring the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation based on the determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 65 (depends on 60) The method of claim 60, wherein visually distorting the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises applying spherical distortion to the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation based on the determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 66 (depends on 60) The method of claim 60, wherein visually distorting the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises applying simulated lens distortion to the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation based on the determination that the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 67 (depends on 60) The method of claim 60, wherein changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant based on a determination that a first portion of the first three-dimensional representation is approaching a boundary of the first portal comprises changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation to prevent any portion of the first three-dimensional representation from extending outside of the first portal. ### Claim 68 (depends on 51) The method of claim 51, wherein changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant comprises ceasing movement of the first portion even as further movement by the first participant is detected in a direction that corresponds to a direction toward the boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 69 (depends on 51) The method of claim 51, wherein changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant comprises slowing movement of the first portion without corresponding slowing of movement by the first participant. ### Claim 70 (depends on 51) The method of claim 51, wherein changing the visual appearance of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant comprises cropping the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation. ### Claim 71 (depends on 70) The method of claim 70, wherein cropping the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation comprises gradually fading the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation as the first portion of the first three-dimensional representation approaches the boundary of the first portal. ### Claim 72 (depends on 51) The method of claim 51, wherein displaying the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant comprises concurrently displaying: a first section of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant within the first portal; and a second section of the first three-dimensional representation of the first participant extending outside of the first portal. ### Claim 73 (depends on 51) The method of claim 51, wherein: the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant further comprises background content displayed within the first portal; and the background content displayed within the first portal is selected by the first participant. ### Claim 74 (depends on 51) The method of claim 51, wherein: the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant further comprises first background content displayed within the first portal; and the first background content includes visual content that is determined based on a first three-dimensional environment that surrounds the user of the computer system. ### Claim 75 (depends on 51) The method of claim 51, wherein: the first spatially-constrained representation of the first participant further comprises second background content displayed within the first portal; and the second background content includes visual content that is determined based on a first three-dimensional environment that surrounds the first participant.