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US 12,758,125 B2Granted
Micro-pillar working electrodes design to reduce backflow of hydrogen peroxide in glucose sensor
AssigneeMedtronic MiniMed, Inc.
InventorsZhenzhong Sun, Xin Heng, Rui Kong
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Abstract
An electrochemical sensor including a working electrode having an arrangement of pillars defining channels between the pillars. The channels increase confinement of a byproduct produced in an electrochemical reaction used during sensing of an analyte, so as to increase interaction of the byproduct with the working electrode. A number of working embodiments of the invention are shown to be useful in amperometric glucose sensors worn by diabetic individuals.
Claims21
A glucose sensor comprising a sensor electrode, comprising:
- the sensor electrode comprising:
- a base substrate;
- a working electrode including an arrangement of pillars defining channels disposed on the base substrate, wherein the pillars form an electroactive surface of the working electrode;
- and
- an analyte sensing layer coupled to the working electrode, the analyte sensing layer comprising glucose oxidase catalyzing a reaction between glucose and oxygen, from an external environment, to form a byproduct comprising hydrogen peroxide, the byproduct detectably altering an electrical current at the working electrode;
- and
- an analyte modulating layer comprising a polymer disposed over and in contact with the analyte sensing layer;
- and
- wherein the channels distribute the oxygen, after diffusion through a thickness of the analyte modulating layer to the analyte sensing layer, throughout the working electrode;
- and
- a processor coupled to the sensor electrode, the processor configured for determining a concentration of the glucose from the electrical current by taking into account distribution of the oxygen by the channels, so as to obtain a more accurate reading of the concentration of the glucose as compared to a reading of the concentration using the working electrode without the arrangement of pillars.
8 more elements
A glucose sensor comprising a sensor electrode, comprising:
- the sensor electrode comprising:
- a base substrate;
- an electrode including an arrangement of pillars defining channels disposed on the base substrate, wherein the pillars form an electroactive surface of the electrode;
- and
- an analyte sensing layer disposed in spaces between the pillars, wherein the analyte sensing layer comprises glucose oxidase for catalyzing a reaction between glucose and oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide altering an electrical current at the electrode;
- an analyte modulating layer comprising a polymer contacting the electrode and the analyte sensing layer across the spaces between the pillars;
- and
- wherein the channels increase diffusion of the hydrogen peroxide to sidewalls of the pillars;
- and
- a processor coupled to the sensor electrode for determining a concentration of the glucose as being proportional to the electrical current by taking into account the diffusion of the hydrogen peroxide resulting from the arrangement of pillars.
7 more elements
A method of making a sensor electrode, comprising:
- providing a base substrate;
- forming a working electrode including an arrangement of pillars defining channels disposed on the base substrate, wherein the pillars form an electroactive surface of the working electrode;
- and
- coupling an analyte sensing layer to the working electrode, the analyte sensing layer comprising glucose oxidase catalyzing a reaction between glucose and oxygen to form a byproduct comprising hydrogen peroxide, the byproduct detectably altering an electrical current at the working electrode;
- and
- disposing an analyte modulating layer comprising a polymer in contact with the analyte sensing layer, for diffusion of the glucose and the oxygen through a thickness of the analyte modulating layer to the analyte sensing layer;
- and
- wherein the channels distribute the oxygen, after the diffusion through the thickness, throughout the working electrode;
- and
- coupling a processor to the sensor electrode and configuring the processor to determine a concentration of the glucose as being proportional to the electrical current by taking into account distribution of the oxygen by the channels, so as to obtain a more accurate reading of the concentration of the glucose as compared to a reading of the concentration using the working electrode without the arrangement of pillars.
7 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.