Solar cell employing phosphorescent materials

A solar cell device, comprising:

• a solid state light absorber region that includes a donor-acceptor particle structure having:
• acceptor particles adsorbed on an inert nanoparticles current collector, which results in a flow of electrons in the solid state light absorber region in response to absorbed photons;
• and
• donor particles comprising a phosphorescent material, wherein each donor particle is coupled to a group of acceptor particles, and wherein the phosphorescent material absorbs high energy photons and emits lower energy photons that are absorbed by the acceptor particles, wherein the donor particles are each coated with a spacer layer and the donor particles are formed by the following steps:
• providing phosphorescent particles of the phosphorescent material dispersed on a silicon wafer maintained at 400° C.;
• spraying a mixture of 0.1 M titanium (IV) isopropoxide and 1.2 M acetylacetonate in ethanol on the phosphorescent particles;
• annealing the phosphorescent particles at 500° C. for 30 minutes;
• and
• repeating the spraying and annealing steps for a total of 40 cycles such that each phosphorescent particle is coated with the spacer layer having a thickness in the range of 8 nm to 10 nm.