Photovoltaic cell and preparation method thereof, and photovoltaic module

A photovoltaic cell, comprising:

• a substrate having a first surface;
• a passivation layer located on the first surface, wherein the passivation layer has a groove exposing the first surface, and the passivation layer has sidewalls forming the groove;
• and
• a grid line extending along a first direction, wherein the grid line is at least partially located in the groove and is in ohmic contact with a part of the first surface exposed by the groove, and a gap is formed between the grid line at least partially located in the groove and the sidewalls along the first direction;
• wherein a material of the grid line comprises a low-fire-through conductive material,
• wherein the passivation layer has a plurality of grooves, including the groove, spaced apart along the first direction, the grid line is located in the plurality of grooves;
• a first spacing is formed between adjacent two grooves along the first direction, and a ratio of a first length of the groove in the first direction to the first spacing ranges from 1/40 to 10/1.

A photovoltaic cell, comprising:

• a substrate having a first surface;
• a passivation layer located on the first surface, wherein the passivation layer has a groove exposing the first surface, and the passivation layer has sidewalls forming the groove;
• and
• a grid line extending along a first direction, wherein the grid line is at least partially located in the groove and is in ohmic contact with a part of the first surface exposed by the groove, and a gap is formed between the grid line at least partially located in the groove and the sidewalls along the first direction;
• wherein a material of the grid line comprises a low-fire-through conductive material,
• wherein the passivation layer has a plurality of grooves, including the groove, and
• wherein a part of the grid line is located on a surface of the passivation layer between adjacent grooves of the plurality of grooves along the first direction.