Recency-weighted discovery and temporal analysis of domain name server records for generating lead signals

A system, comprising:

• at least one hardware processor;
• a temporal difference engine, executing on the at least one computer processor;
• a large language model (LLM), executing on the at least one computer processor;
• and
• a pattern analysis engine, executing on the at least one computer processor and configured to:
• identify, from a plurality of raw domain name system (DNS) records of a source domain, a DNS pattern corresponding to a raw DNS record,
• cause the LLM to categorize the DNS pattern to obtain a pattern category,
• generate a feature vector of the source domain based on the plurality of raw DNS records and the pattern category, and
• cause the temporal difference engine to perform operations comprising:
• comparing the feature vector to a historical feature vector of the source domain to obtain a feature vector difference,
• categorizing the feature vector difference to obtain an email stack change event of the source domain,
• calculating, based on the feature vector, and the email stack change event, an email volume index (EVI) score for the source domain, and
• transmitting the source domain and the EVI score to a user application.