Closed-loop wireless stimulation systems with wirelessly powered stimulators and recorders

An implantable treatment device, comprising:

• an energy harvesting circuit configured to harvest ambient energy and establish a voltage across a storage capacitor, wherein the ambient energy is at least one energy selected from the group consisting of ambient electrical, magnetic energy, and electromagnetic energy;
• a sensing circuit coupled to the storage capacitor, the sensing circuit configured to sense bioelectrical signals and generate bioelectrical signal data;
• a stimulator circuit coupled to the storage capacitor and a set of electrodes, the stimulator circuit configured to deliver a stimulation via at least one electrode from the set of electrodes based on a set of control signals received from an external controller that determine a set of parameters of the stimulation;
• and
• a communication circuit coupled to the storage capacitor, the communication circuit configured to (1) transmit to the external controller the bioelectrical signal data and (2) control the stimulator circuit to deliver energy via at least one electrode from the set of electrodes in response to the control signals received from the external controller,
• wherein operation of the communication circuit and the sensing circuit are duty-cycled relative to operation of the energy harvesting circuit to maintain a minimum voltage across the storage capacitor.