Teat cup liner, apparatus including the same, and methods of making and using the same

A teat cup liner, comprising:

• a) an attachment section having an opening therein;
• b) a barrel joined to and in fluid communication with the attachment section, the barrel comprising a transition section and a triangular section, wherein:
• i) a combined length of the attachment section and the transition section is (i) from 5.5 to 8.5 cm long, (ii) an average teat length (after elongation)±20%, (iii) the average teat length (after elongation) minus a minimum uniform pressure length, ±20%, or (iv) 40-65% of a combined length of the attachment section and the barrel;
• and
• ii) the transition section has a surface with a slope of less than 0.3 and at least 0.05, where a radius of the transition section is measured using an inner surface of the transition section, the slope is defined by a change in the radius of the barrel in the transition section relative to a length of the transition section, and the transition section has a graduated or narrowing inner diameter along a length of the barrel, from the attachment section to the triangular section;
• and
• c) a tube section, joined to and in fluid communication with the barrel, the tube section including a connection mechanism.