EMP protection for structures having coal combustion residual components

A method comprising fabricating each of multiple structural panels and constructing an EMP-protective composite structure using the multiple structural panels, wherein fabricating each of the multiple structural panels comprises:

• placing a steel sheet in a horizontal position, such that an inner side of the steel sheet to which multiple studs are welded is upward facing;
• positioning a removable edge form of side members around the steel sheet defining a perimeter above the inner side of the steel sheet;
• placing a grid within the perimeter, the grid comprising a plurality of elongate and mutually interlocked reinforcing members;
• pouring a cementitious layer onto the inner side of the steel sheet thereby embedding the multiple studs and reinforcing members;
• and
• after the cementitious layer has cured, removing the removable edge form of side members from around the steel sheet, and
• wherein constructing an EMP-protective composite structure using the multiple structural panels comprises:
• positioning the multiple structural panels to form an enclosure such that at least one structural panel of the multiple structural panels defines a floor of the enclosure, at least one structural panel of the multiple structural panels defines a roof of the enclosure above the floor, and at least three structural panels of the multiple structural panels together define walls of the enclosure between the floor and roof;
• and
• connecting each steel sheet of each structural panel of the enclosure to each steel sheet of each structural panel adjacent thereto by at least one continuous weld.