Light modulating device and operating method thereof using voltage-varied LC

A light modulating device, comprising:

• a substrate configured to support a plurality of meta-atoms;
• a metasurface layer disposed on the substrate configured to include the plurality of meta-atoms;
• and
• a voltage-varied liquid crystal (LC) configured to modulate a polarization state of a holographic image generated by light beams passing through the plurality of meta-atoms
• wherein the device further comprises;
• a plurality of superpixels in the metasurface layer that is composed of the plurality of meta-atoms, wherein each of the plurality of superpixels includes a plurality of pixels, and the plurality of pixels determines a polarization state of the light beam and phase information of the light beam, respectively,
• wherein the plurality of pixels includes a first meta-atom group and/or a second meta-atom group, respectively, and a size of a meta-atom included in the first meta-atom group is different from a size of a meta-atom included in the second meta-atom group,
• wherein the first meta-atom group modulates the polarization state of the light beam from left-circular polarization (LCP) to right-circular polarization (RCP) and the second meta-atom group modulates the polarization state of the light beam from the RCP to the LCP,
• wherein meta-atoms in the first meta-atom group are rotated in clockwise CW direction with respect to neighboring meta-atoms and meta-atoms in the second meta-atom group are rotated in counter-clockwise CCW direction with respect to neighboring meta-atoms,
• wherein the polarization state of the holographic image is determined based on a rotation angle of the plurality of meta-atoms and a ratio of the first meta-atom group and the second meta-atom group included in the plurality of pixels.