Toner

A toner comprising:

• a toner particle comprising a binder resin;
• and a silica fine particle A, wherein
• (I) in TOF-SIMS measurement of the toner particle, a fragment peak derived from a boron atom and a fragment peak derived from a boron-oxygen structure are detected, and
• the toner comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and a dodecylbenzenesulfonate;
• (II) in TOF-SIMS measurement of the silica fine particle A, a fragment ion is observed which corresponds to a structure shown by the following Formula (1),
• (wherein n represents an integer of 1 or more);
• when 2.00 g of the silica fine particle is dispersed in a mixed liquid of 25.0 g of ethanol and 75.0 g of an aqueous solution of 20% by mass of NaCl, and the dispersion is subjected to a titration operation which uses sodium hydroxide,
• Sn defined by Sn=[(a−b)×c×NA]/(d×e) satisfies the following Expression (2),
• 0.1
• ≤
• Sn
• ≤
• 0.8
• …
• ,
• (
• 2
• )
• (wherein a is a titration amount (L) of the aqueous solution of NaOH necessary for adjusting the mixed liquid in which the silica fine particle A is dispersed, to pH 9.0,
• b is the titration amount (L) of the aqueous solution of NaOH necessary for adjusting the mixed liquid of 25.0 g of ethanol and 75.0 g of the aqueous solution of 20% by mass of NaCl, to pH 9.0,
• c is a concentration (mol/L) of the aqueous solution of NaOH used for the titration,
• NA is Avogadro's number,
• d is a mass (g) of the silica fine particle, and
• e is a BET specific surface area (nm2/g) of the silica fine particle);
• in a chemical shift of the silica fine particle A obtained by a solid-state 29Si-NMR DD/MAS method, when DDD represents a peak area of a D unit having a peak top in a range of −25 ppm to −15 ppm, SDD represents a sum of peak areas of an M unit, a D unit, a T unit and a Q unit in a range of from −140 to 100 ppm, and B (m2/g) represents a BET specific surface area of the silica fine particle,
• a value (DDD/SDD)/B of a ratio of (DDD/SDD) to B is from 4.70×10−6 to 1.40×10−1;
• and furthermore
• in a chemical shift of the silica fine particle A obtained by a solid-state 29Si-NMR CP/MAS method, when DCP represents a peak area of the D unit having a peak top in the range of from −25 to −15 ppm, and SCP represents a sum of peak areas of the M unit, the D unit, the T unit and the Q unit in a range of from −140 to 100 ppm,
• a value (DCP/SCP)/B of a ratio of (DCP/SCP) to B is from 4.70×10−4 to 1.00×10−2, and
• a value (DCP/SCP)/(DDD/SDD) of a ratio of (DCP/SCP) to (DDD/SDD) is from 3.00 to 3.00×102.