Flow regime classification, water liquid ratio estimation, and salinity estimation systems and methods

One or more non-transitory, computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by processing circuitry, are configured to cause the processing circuitry to:

• receive measurement data associated with a fluid, the measurement data corresponding to a microwave signal reflected from the fluid;
• determine a set of fluid properties based on the measurement data;
• determine fluid classification data associated with the fluid based on an analysis of the measurement data and the set of fluid properties, by determining a set of fluid classification probabilities, the determining the fluid classification data comprising:
• inputting at least one of the set of fluid properties to a decision-tree model comprising a plurality of threshold decision nodes, each threshold decision node:
• comparing a fluid-property value to a corresponding threshold fluid-property value;
• and
• selecting a branch of the decision-tree model based on the comparing until reaching a classification terminal node associated with the fluid classification data, the classification terminal node being associated with a set of fluid classification probabilities, the fluid classification data being generated by selecting a highest fluid classification probability associated with the classification terminal node;
• and at each of the plurality of threshold decision nodes:
• comparing a permittivity standard deviation value to a threshold permittivity standard deviation value;
• responsive to the permittivity standard deviation value falling within the threshold permittivity standard deviation value, comparing an average permittivity value to a first threshold average permittivity value to reach the classification terminal node, the classification terminal node comprising at least one of:
• a dry gas terminal node corresponding to a dry gas fluid classification when the average permittivity value falls within the first threshold average permittivity value;
• or
• an oil fluid terminal node corresponding to an oil fluid classification when the average permittivity value meets or exceeds the first threshold average permittivity value;
• and
• responsive to the permittivity standard deviation value meeting or exceeding the threshold permittivity standard deviation value:
• comparing a minimum permittivity value to a threshold minimum permittivity value;
• and
• comparing the average permittivity value to a second threshold average permittivity value;
• generate a salinity value associated with the fluid based on an analysis of the measurement data, the set of fluid properties, and the fluid classification data, the generating the salinity value comprising generating the salinity value based on the fluid classification data associated with the classification terminal node;
• and
• transmit the salinity value to a control system of an oil and gas extraction system, the control system being configured to adjust operation of one or more components of the oil and gas extraction system based on the salinity value.