Smart hydrogen storage protocol

A controller for refueling a fuel cell, comprising:

• a data acquisition system configured to:
• receive, in a first sampling time period, sensor data of a hydrogen storage unit of a metal hydride storage system (MHSS), and
• generate, based on the sensor data, first data corresponding to a state of charge (SoC) of the hydrogen storage unit;
• a soft sensor system communicatively coupled to the data acquisition system and configured to:
• receive the first data;
• and
• generate second data based on the first data, wherein the second data corresponds to a pseudo state of the MHSS based on the first data;
• a parameter vector generator coupled to the soft sensor system and configured to generate a parameter vector of a plurality of parameter vectors, wherein the parameter vector comprises the first data and the second data;
• and
• a multi-parametric (mp) model predictive controller (mpMPC) communicatively coupled to the parameter vector generator and configured to:
• search, using the parameter vector, a first data structure, wherein the first data structure corresponds to a plurality of polyhedral critical regions, wherein the plurality of polyhedral critical regions correspond to feasible states of the plurality of parameter vectors;
• select, based on the search, a first critical region of the plurality of polyhedral critical regions, wherein the first critical region corresponds to the parameter vector;
• select, from a second data structure, a first piecewise affine function of a plurality of piecewise affine functions, wherein the first piecewise affine function corresponds to the first critical region, and wherein the plurality of piecewise affine functions correspond to different control actions for the plurality of polyhedral critical regions;
• and
• obtain a first control action based on the first piecewise affine function;
• and
• send the first control action to the MHSS for controlling refueling of the MHSS.