Systems and methods to detect and characterize stress using physiological sensors

An apparatus comprising:

• at least one processing device configured to:
• collect physiological data from earbuds including at least one photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor and at least one inertial measurement unit (IMU) during an assessment window;
• receive multimodal data collected using the earbuds during the assessment window;
• extract biomarker features from the multimodal data, the extracted biomarker features corresponding to at least lung motion, motion due to heart pumping, and body appendage motion;
• based on changes in the extracted biomarker features, detect that a stress event occurred during the assessment window;
• access a plurality of templates of patterns in biomarker features, wherein a first subset of the templates is associated with unhealthy response to stress and a second subset of the templates is associated with healthy response to stress;
• determine whether the stress event corresponds to a healthy response or an unhealthy response based on similarities between a pattern in the extracted biomarker features and the plurality of templates;
• and
• responsive to the stress event corresponding to an unhealthy response,
• provide a stress management recommendation tailored based on the detected stress event and personalized to an individual wearing the earbuds and associated with at least one other device communicably coupled to the earbuds, the stress management recommendation displayed on the at least one other device, and
• initiate a stress management intervention at one or more of the earbuds and the at least one other device based on the stress management recommendation, the stress management intervention comprising one or more of a haptic reminder, an auditory cue, or music.

A non-transitory computer readable medium containing instructions that when executed cause at least one processor of an electronic device to:

• collect physiological data from earbuds including at least one photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor and at least one inertial measurement unit (IMU) during an assessment window;
• receive multimodal data collected using the earbuds during the assessment window;
• extract biomarker features from the multimodal data, the extracted biomarker features corresponding to at least lung motion, motion due to heart pumping, and body appendage motion;
• based on changes in the extracted biomarker features, detect that a stress event occurred during the assessment window;
• access a plurality of templates of patterns in biomarker features, wherein a first subset of the templates is associated with unhealthy response to stress and a second subset of the templates is associated with healthy response to stress;
• determine whether the stress event corresponds to a healthy response or an unhealthy response based on similarities between a pattern in the extracted biomarker features and the plurality of templates;
• and
• responsive to the stress event corresponding to an unhealthy response,
• provide a stress management recommendation tailored based on the detected stress event and personalized to an individual wearing the earbuds and associated with at least one other device communicably coupled to the earbuds, the stress management recommendation displayed on the at least one other device, and
• initiate a stress management intervention at one or more of the earbuds and the at least one other device based on the stress management recommendation, the stress management intervention comprising one or more of a haptic reminder, an auditory cue, or music.