Programmable photonic circuit

A photonic circuit comprising:

• a tunable optical coupler in which a first waveguide and a second waveguide are provided to correspond to each other in a first section, and the tunable optical coupler comprising a first actuator to move a waveguide of the first waveguide and the second waveguide, as a first movable waveguide, in a first moving direction, and the tunable optical coupler being configured to adjust optical coupling efficiency of an optical signal between the first waveguide and the second waveguide;
• an optical phase shifter in which one waveguide of the first waveguide and the second waveguide, and a perturbation waveguide are provided to correspond to each other in a second section, and the optical phase shifter comprising a second actuator to move a waveguide of the one waveguide and the perturbation waveguide, as a second movable waveguide, in the second section, in a second moving direction, and the optical phase shifter being configured to change a phase of an optical signal traveling through the one waveguide, by changing an effective refractive index of an optical mode of the one waveguide according to adjustment of a gap between the one waveguide and the perturbation waveguide;
• and
• a control unit configured to control driving signals applied to the first actuator and the second actuator,
• wherein the first actuator comprises a fixed part and a movable part that is provided to be movable with respect to the fixed part and move the first movable waveguide under control by the control unit,
• the second actuator comprises a fixed part and a movable part that is provided to be movable with respect to the fixed part of the second actuator and move the second movable waveguide under control by the control unit,
• wherein a driving signal is applied from the control unit to the fixed part of at least one actuator of the first actuator and the second actuator,
• wherein one of the first moving direction and the second moving direction is a vertical direction and the other is a horizontal direction, and
• wherein the first section of the tunable optical coupler comprises a first portion configured to transmit light and a second portion, a thickness of the first portion being greater than a thickness of the second portion.