Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) device

An electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) device, comprising:

• a first substrate;
• and
• a second substrate opposite to the first substrate;
• the first substrate comprising:
• a plurality of first electrodes configured to be respectively controllably connected to signal lines;
• a first hydrophobic layer disposed over the plurality of first electrodes;
• the second substrate comprising:
• a second electrode configured to be connected to the signal lines;
• a second hydrophobic layer disposed over the second electrode;
• an internal space between the first substrate and the second substrate for receiving a droplet and a surrounding medium, the droplet surrounded by the surrounding medium, wherein the first hydrophobic layer is covered by an infused liquid layer,
• wherein at least one of the first hydrophobic layer and the second hydrophobic layer has a textured surface,
• wherein at least one of the first hydrophobic layer and the second hydrophobic layer comprises a fluoropolymer in a solid form, and
• wherein:
• the infused liquid layer comprises a first layer and a second laver,
• the first layer of the infused liquid layer is hexadecane, and
• the second layer of the infused liquid layer is silicone oil.