Cell scaffold device having three-dimensional structure with interwoven channels

A cell scaffold device comprising:

• a plurality of branching channel networks comprising
• a first branching channel network configured to distribute a first fluid at a first height of the cell scaffold device,
• a second branching channel network configured to distribute a second fluid, different from the first fluid, at a second height of the cell scaffold device, the second height interposing between the first height of the scaffold device and a third height of the scaffold device, and
• a third branching channel network configured to collect the first fluid at a fourth height of the cell scaffold device, wherein:
• the first branching channel network comprises a plurality of first channels formed by at least three generations of branching, the plurality of first channels comprising a first-generation first channel and a plurality of final-generation first channels, wherein each respective channel in the plurality of first channels comprises a coplanar surface at the first height of the cell scaffold device;
• the second branching channel network comprises a plurality of second channels formed by branching and recursive recombination, the plurality of second channels comprising an inlet second channel, an outlet second channel and a plurality of intermediate second channels branched from the inlet second channel and recursively recombined to the outlet second channel, wherein one or more second channels in the plurality of second channels comprises a coplanar surface at the second height of the cell scaffold device and one or more other second channels in the plurality of second channels comprises a coplanar surface at the third height of the cell scaffold device;
• the third branching channel network comprises a plurality of third channels formed by at least three generations of branching, the plurality of third channels comprising a first-generation third channel and a plurality of final-generation third channels, wherein each respective channel in the plurality of third channels comprises a coplanar surface at the fourth height of the cell scaffold device;
• and
• the plurality of final-generation first channels of the first branching channel network is disposed adjacent to the second height of the second branching channel network, the plurality of final-generation third channels of the third branching channel network is disposed adjacent to the third height of the second branching channel network, each respective final-generation first channel in the plurality of final-generation first channels of the first branching channel network is in direct fluid communication with a corresponding final-generation third channel in the plurality of final-generation third channels by a corresponding bypass channel in a plurality of bypass channels, and each respective bypass channel of the plurality of bypass channels extends from the first height to the fourth height of the cell scaffold device, bypasses direct fluid communication with the second branching channel network, thereby producing a compact three-dimensional structure with channels.