Compositions and methods using at least one glycine or derivative thereof and at least one large neutral amino acid and/or cationic amino acid or precursor thereof

A method for treating and/or preventing i) a mitochondria-related disease or condition associated with altered mitochondrial function and/or ii) at least one physical state selected from the group consisting of oxidative stress or a condition associated with oxidative stress in an individual in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising an effective amount of a combination of

• at least one glycine or functional derivative thereof selected from the group consisting of L-glycine, L-glycine ethyl ester, D-Allylglycine, N-[Bis(methylthio)methylene]glycine methyl ester, Boc-allyl-Gly-OH (dicyclohexylammonium) salt, Boc-D-Chg-OH, Boc-Chg-OH, (R)-N-Boc-(2′-chlorophenyl)glycine, Boc-L-cyclopropylglycine, Boc-L-cyclopropylglycine, (R)-N-Boc-4-fluorophenylglycine, Boc-D-propargylglycine, Boc-(S)-3-thienylglycine, Boc-(R)-3-thienylglycine, D-a-Cyclohexylglycine, L-a-Cyclopropylglycine, N-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)glycine, N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)glycine, Fmoc-N-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-Gly-OH, N-(2-Furoyl)glycine, L-a-Neopentylglycine, D-Propargylglycine, sarcosine, and Z-a-Phosphonoglycine trimethyl ester;
• at least one large neutral amino acid selected from the group consisting of Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan, Threonine, and Methionine;
• and
• at least one cationic amino acid, wherein the mitochondria-related disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of stress, obesity, reduced metabolic rate, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, respiratory diseases, pain syndromes, neurodegenerative disease, cognitive disorder, stress-induced or stress-related cognitive dysfunction, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, age-related neuronal death or dysfunction, musculo-skeletal disorder, sarcopenia, frailty, pre-frailty, chronic kidney disease, macular degeneration, and combinations thereof;
• and
• the at least one physical state is selected from the group consisting of deleterious effects of aging, muscle loss, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, overweight, obesity, raised cholesterol levels, raised triglyceride levels, elevated fatty acid levels, fatty liver disease, renal disease, cardiovascular disease, musculo-skeletal diseases, respiratory diseases, pain syndromes, neurodegenerative disease, impaired cognitive function, myopathy, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, tinnitus, dizziness, alcohol hangover, hearing impairment, osteoporosis, hypertension, atherosclerosis/coronary artery disease, myocardial damage after stress, traumatic brain injury, cystic fibrosis, inflammation, cancer, and HIV infection.