Amide compounds and their use as flavor modifiers

A method of enhancing a salty, umami, or kokumi taste of an ingestible composition, the method comprising introducing to the ingestible composition a flavor-modifying compound, wherein the flavor-modifying compound is a compound of formula (I):

• or a comestibly acceptable salt thereof;
• wherein:
• R1 is C6-14 aryl or C4-12 heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted one or more times by substituents selected independently from the group consisting of RY;
• R2 is a C1-10 alkyl, C2-10 alkenyl, C6-14 aryl, or C1-12 heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl and alkenyl groups are each optionally substituted one or more times by substituents selected independently from the group consisting of Rx, and wherein the aryl and heteroaryl groups are each optionally substituted one or more times by substituents selected independently from the group consisting of RY;
• R3 is a hydrogen atom or is C1-6 alkyl, which is optionally substituted one or more times by —OH, —O—(C1-6 alkyl), or any combination thereof;
• X1 is a direct bond, C1-6 alkylene, or C2-6 alkenylene, wherein the alkylene and alkenylene groups are each optionally substituted one or more times by substituents selected independently from the group consisting of Rx;
• Rx is a halogen atom, oxo, —CN, nitro, —OH, —NH2, —C(O) H, —O—C(O) H, —C(O)—OH, —NH—C(O) H, —C(O)—NH2, —O—(C1-6 alkyl), —NH—(C1-6 alkyl), —N(C1-6 alkyl)2, —C(O)—(C1-6 alkyl), —O—C(O)—(C1-6 alkyl), —NH—C(O)—(C1-6 alkyl), —C(O)—O—(C1-6 alkyl), —C(O)—NH—(C1-6 alkyl), —C(O)—N(C1-6 alkyl)2, —S(O)2—(C1-6 alkyl), —O—S(O)2—(C1-6 alkyl), —NH—S(O)2—(C1-6 alkyl), —S(O)2—O—(C1-6 alkyl), —S(O)2—NH—(C1-6 alkyl), —S(O)2—N(C1-6 alkyl)2, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C2-14 heterocyclyl, C6-14 aryl, C2-14 heteroaryl, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-6 haloalkenyl, C1-6 haloalkoxy, C2-6 haloalkenyloxy, and (C1-6 alkoxy)-C1-6 alkyl;
• and
• RY is a halogen atom, oxo, —CN, nitro, —OH, —NH2, —C(O) H, —O—C(O) H, —C(O)—OH, —NH—C(O) H, —C(O)—NH2, —O—(C1-6 alkyl), —NH—(C1-6 alkyl), —N(C1-6 alkyl)2, —C(O)—(C1-6 alkyl), —O—C(O)—(C1-6 alkyl), —NH—C(O)—(C1-6 alkyl), —C(O)—O—(C1-6 alkyl), —C(O)—NH—(C1-6 alkyl), —C(O)—N(C1-6 alkyl)2, —S(O)2—(C1-6 alkyl), —O—S(O)2—(C1-6 alkyl), —NH—S(O)2—(C1-6 alkyl), —S(O)2—O—(C1-6 alkyl), —S(O)2—NH—(C1-6 alkyl), —S(O)2—N(C1-6 alkyl)2, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C2-14 heterocyclyl, C6-14 aryl, C2-14 heteroaryl, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-6 haloalkenyl, C1-6 haloalkoxy, C2-6 haloalkenyloxy, (C1-6 alkoxy)-C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkyl, and C2-6 alkenyl, wherein any adjacent substituents on an aryl or heteroaryl ring can optionally combine to form a fused carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring having from 5 to 7 members.