Monitoring device and monitoring method

A cyber-physical system comprising:

• a physical system associated with a time-varying parameter;
• an Internet of Things (IoT) device configured to sample the time-varying parameter of the physical system at discrete time intervals to generate observed values of a variable, the IoT device being configured to operate at a sampling interval extended for reduced power consumption such that unobserved time intervals exist between successive observed values;
• and
• an information system configured to monitor a behavior of the physical system, the information system comprising:
• a processor and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
• acquire the observed values of the variable generated by the IoT device while the physical system is running;
• determine a range of possible observed values reached by the variable during the unobserved time intervals, based on the acquired observed values;
• and
• determine whether a variation range of the acquired observed values satisfies a specification, based on an overlap between the range of the possible observed values and a range not satisfying the specification.