Surface treatment for replication

A method comprising:

• treating a surface of a substrate to cause the surface to comprise a hydrophobic portion and a hydrophilic portion;
• providing a replication material over the hydrophilic portion;
• and
• imprinting the replication material using a stamp, to cause the replication material to have a predetermined characteristic,
• wherein the imprinting the replication material comprises curing the replication material to provide a cured replication material,
• wherein the imprinting the replication material further comprises forming a plurality of individual structures on an upper surface of the replication material,
• wherein the plurality of individual structures of the cured replication material are configured to perform an optical function, and
• wherein sidewalls of the cured replication material each comprise a concave portion, wherein the sidewalls correspond to portions of the replication material that are free from contact with the stamp during the imprinting the replication material,
• wherein the hydrophobic portion comprises an inner hydrophobic barrier and an outer hydrophobic barrier, wherein the inner hydrophobic barrier is nested within the outer hydrophobic barrier and spaced apart from the outer hydrophobic barrier, and
• wherein the hydrophilic portion comprises an area inside the inner hydrophobic barrier.