Personal protective anti-viral face mask

An entrainment-based filter comprising a housing defining an interior volume having at least one airflow pathway having an airflow pathway length that is longer than the length of the interior volume and spaced within the interior volume;

• and a plurality of entrainment substrates that are at least partially coated with a coating composition and positioned within the at least one airflow pathway;
• wherein the plurality of entrainment substrates and the dimensions of the at least one airflow pathway work together to slow a flowrate of particulates traveling within the at least one airflow pathway proximate the plurality of entrainment substrates to a flowrate where the particulates are adsorbed or absorbed on a surface of the plurality of entrainment substrates;
• and wherein the coating composition comprises a coating chosen from the group consisting of:
• a non-volatile, thixotropic liquid;
• a polyhydroxylated carboxylic acid;
• sialic acid;
• ascorbic acid;
• gluconic acid;
• a cellulose, polyethylene glycol;
• an amphiphilic organoboron block copolymer poly(styreneboronic acid)-block-polystyrene, and mixtures thereof.

An entrainment-based filter comprising:

• a housing defining an interior volume comprising at least one airflow pathway spaced within the interior volume;
• and
• a plurality of entrainment substrates that are substantially free or free of pores capable of filtering by entrapping particulates and positioned within the at least one airflow pathway;
• and
• wherein the plurality of entrainment substrates and the dimensions of the at least one airflow pathway work together to entrain particulates on a surface of the plurality of entrainment substrates by adsorption or absorption of the particulates and prevent at least 95% of particulates traveling through the at least one airflow pathway from exiting the entrainment-based filter.