Display substrate and display apparatus

A display substrate, comprising:

• a base substrate, comprising a display region and a frame region on at least one side of the display region;
• a transistor on the base substrate, wherein the transistor is in the display region, and comprises a gate, a first electrode, and an active layer;
• and
• a protective structure on the base substrate, wherein the protective structure is provided in the frame region and close to the display region, and the protective structure is in the same layer as and is made of the same material as at least one of the active layer, the gate or the first electrode;
• wherein the frame region comprises:
• a first frame region and a second frame region which are provided oppositely, and a third frame region and a fourth frame region which are provided oppositely, the third frame region is connected with the first frame region and the second frame region, and the fourth frame region is connected with the first frame region and the second frame region;
• the first frame region comprises a multiplexing circuit, the second frame region comprises a testing circuit, the third frame region comprises a first gate driving circuit, and the fourth frame region comprises a second gate driving circuit;
• and
• a width of the protective structure in a direction away from the display region is greater than or equal to a width of the display region affected by diffraction light, and an orthographic projection of the protective structure on the base substrate does not overlap an orthographic projection of the multiplexing circuit on the base substrate, an orthographic projection of the testing circuit on the base substrate, an orthographic projection of the first gate driving circuit on the base substrate and an orthographic projection of the second gate driving circuit on the base substrate.