Electrophotographic member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus

An electrophotographic member, comprising:

• a support member having a conductive outer surface;
• and a conductive layer disposed on an outer surface of the support member, wherein
• the conductive layer comprises
• a matrix comprising a first rubber, and
• a plurality of domains dispersed in the matrix,
• volume resistivity of the matrix is 1.00×1012 Ω·cm or less,
• the plurality of domains comprise at least one domain A, and
• the domain A satisfies <Condition 1> to <Condition 3> below:
• <Condition 1> the domain A comprises a second rubber and an electronic conductive agent;
• <Condition 2> a centroid of volume of the domain A exists in the domain A;
• <Condition 3> on a cross-section of the domain A passing through the centroid of volume, volume resistivity of an outer peripheral region, which is a region of a 100 nm distance from an outer edge of the domain A toward the centroid of volume, is more than 1.00×1012 Ω·cm, and wherein
• in a case where a platinum electrode is directly disposed on an outer surface of the electrophotographic member, impedance is measured by applying AC voltage having a 1V amplitude between the outer surface of the support member and the platinum electrode in an environment of a 23° C. temperature and 50% relative humidity, while changing frequency in a range of 1.0×10−2 to 1.0×107 Hz, and the frequency is plotted on an abscissa and the impedance is plotted on an ordinate of a log-log graph, a slope at a frequency range of 1.0×105 to 1.0×106 Hz is −0.80 to −0.30, and the impedance in a frequency range of 1.0×10−2 to 1.0×101 Hz is 1.00×101 to 1.00×107Ω.