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US 12,723,109 B2Granted
Biomass derived diketones as efficient visible light photoinitiators
AssigneeBowling Green State University
InventorsJayaraman Sivaguru, Ravichandranath Singathi
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Abstract
Isatin derivatives, and methods of using isatin and isatin derivatives as photoinitiators, are described.
Claims23
A photoinitiator comprising a composition, wherein the composition comprises a compound of Formula III, Formula IP-1, Formula IP-2, Formula IP-3, or Formula IP-10:
- wherein:
- X is O, S, NH, Ge, NC(O)—O—RC, N—O—C(O)RC, or NO—RC, wherein each RC is independently alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;
- and
- each of R1, R2, R3, R4, and Y is, independently, H, alkyl, alkene, alkynes, aryl, heterocyclic, alkenyl halide, unsaturated enone, unsaturated ketone, unsaturated amide, unsaturated alcohol, unsaturated amine, unsaturated thiol, phosphonate, carboxylate, sulfonate, nitrile, thioether, thioamide, thioketone, azide, sulfide, disulfide, ether, epoxide, nitrate, nitrite, a nitro compound, a nitroso compound, an alkyl ketoesters, an acylgermane, a metallocene, an organosilane, an oxime, an imide, a cyanate, an isocyanate, a thiocyanate, an isothiocyanate, a sulfoxide, a sulfone, a sulfite, a phosphite, a thial, a phosphine, or an aldehyde;
- the polymer unit is vinyl, stryl, acryl, or a cyclic monomer selected from lactones, epoxides, lactides, lactams, silicon-containing cyclic monomers, and cyclic carbonates;
- and
- the amine unit is an amine, thiol, or any hydrogen atom donor;
- provided, however, that the compound is not isatin.
5 more elements
A photoinitiator comprising a composition comprising Formula A:
- wherein:
- dashed lines represent a linker that links X to Y and comprises an alkyl chain, a carbocycle, a heterocyclic moiety, or a combination of C—C or C-heteroatom bonds, optionally substituted with one or more halogens,
- Y is C═O, C═S, NR1, P(R2)2, PR1R2, S, or Se,
- X is C═O, C═S, NR1, P(R2)2, or PR1R2, S, or Se,
- Z is O, S, or Se,
- each R1 is, independently, H, alkyl, aryl, aryloxy, alkoxy, or halo-substituted alkoxy, and
- each R2 is, independently, H, O, alkyl, aryl, aryloxy, alkoxy, N-alkyl, halo-substituted alkoxy, or halo-substituted N-alkyl;
- provided, however, that at least one of X or Y is C═O;
- and
- further provided that when the linker is phenyl, neither Y nor X is NH.
7 more elements
A method for making a polymer, the method comprising exposing a photoinitiator and a monomer to light to produce a polymer, wherein the photoinitiator is an N-substituted isatin derivative.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.