Piezoelectric materials and piezoelectric devices

A piezoelectric material, wherein the piezoelectric material comprises:

• a matrix, wherein a crystal structure of the matrix is an ABO3-type perovskite structure, the perovskite structure comprises a rhombohedral structure and a tetragonal structure that coexist, and the matrix is near a morphotropic phase boundary;
• and
• a doping element, wherein the doping element is for replacing an A-site element in the perovskite structure, and the doping element is for increasing a difference between a lattice constant of the rhombohedral structure and a lattice constant of the tetragonal structure,
• wherein the matrix is lead zirconate titanate, and a zirconium-to-titanium ratio of the lead zirconate titanate is 52:48,
• the doping element and the A-site element have a same valence state in the perovskite structure, the doping element is calcium, the A-site element is lead, and the doping element calcium is for replacing the A-site element lead, and
• a molar percentage of the doping element calcium in a total amount of lead and calcium in the matrix is great than 2% and less than or equal to 20%.