Method and apparatus for performing decoding based on Fano decoding

A receiving node comprising:

• at least one transceiver;
• at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one transceiver;
• and
• at least one memory, communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, storing instructions executable by the at least one processor individually or in any combination to cause the receiving node to:
• receive, from a transmitting node, a codeword comprising a plurality of information bits;
• estimate a bit value of a first information bit among the plurality of information bits as a first estimation bit value corresponding to 0 or 1;
• determine whether a log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of the first information bit falls within a first range, wherein the LLR is a ratio of a probability that the bit value is 0 to a probability that the bit value is 1;
• in case that the LLR falls within the first range:
• identify whether a reliability value of the LLR is equal to or greater than a first threshold;
• in case that the reliability value is equal to or greater than the first threshold, determine the bit value as the first estimation bit value;
• in case that the reliability value is less than the first threshold, compare the reliability value and a first adjusted threshold;
• in case that the reliability value is less than the first adjusted threshold, determine the bit value as a second estimation bit value different from the first estimation bit value;
• in case that the reliability value is equal to or greater than the first adjusted threshold, re-decode a second information bit having a lower bit level than the first information bit among the plurality of information bits
• in case that the LLR falls within a second range indicating the bit value is 0, determine the bit value of the first information bit as 0;
• and
• in case that the LLR falls within a third range indicating the bit value is 1, determine the bit value of the first information bit as 1,
• wherein the second range is higher than the first range and the third range is lower than the first range, and
• wherein the reliability value of the LLR is determined based on a sum of the LLR and at least one LLR of at least one information bit having the lower bit level than the first information bit among the plurality of information bits.