Phased array antenna, scanning method therefor, and antenna system

A scanning method for a phased array antenna, wherein the phased array antenna comprises a plurality of antenna array elements and a liquid crystal phase shifter for performing phase calibration on the plurality of antenna array elements, and the scanning method comprises:

• applying a first beam steering voltage to the liquid crystal phase shifter, detecting a level value of a first received signal received by the plurality of antenna array elements;
• and
• adjusting continuously the first beam steering voltage by an artificial intelligence algorithm and detecting level values of a second received signal received by the plurality of antenna array elements, until a ratio of the level value of the first received signal to a level value of the second received signal is greater than or equal to a first threshold value,
• wherein the artificial intelligence algorithm is a genetic algorithm or a particle swarm optimization algorithm;
• and
• wherein the adjusting continuously the first beam steering voltage by the artificial intelligence algorithm and detecting level values of the second received signal received by the plurality of antenna array elements, until the ratio of the level value of the first received signal to the level value of the second received signal is greater than or equal to the first threshold value comprises:
• a scanning angle of the plurality of antenna array elements is fine-tuned with the genetic algorithm or the particle swarm optimization algorithm, a beam direction of the plurality of antenna array elements during the fine-tuning meets bandwidth accuracy of 1 dB, a difference between a power of the first received signal before the fine-tuning and a power of the second received signal after the fine-tuning is less than 1 dB;
• according to a relationship between a signal power and a signal level, detecting the level values of the second received signal received by the plurality of antenna array elements, until a ratio of the level value of the first received signal before the fine-turning to the level value of the second received signal after the fine-turning is greater than or equal to the first threshold value.