Biosensor comprising a plurality of functionalized sets of carbon atoms in the sp2 hybridisation state, preparation method thereof and use thereof, in particular for the detection of ecotoxicological risks

A biosensor comprising:

• a first set A of carbon atoms in the sp2 hybridisation state, said set being in contact with:
• a plurality of compounds of the following formula (11):
• (R-L1-W)n—V-L2-X—Y (I1),
• and
• optionally, a plurality of compounds of the following formula (III):
• (R-L1-W)n—V-L2-X—Z (II1),
• a second set B of carbon atoms in the sp2 hybridisation state, said set being in contact with:
• a plurality of compounds of the following formula (I2):
• (R-L1-W)n—V-L2-X—Y (I2),
• and
• a plurality of compounds of the following formula (II2):
• (R-L1-W)n—V-L2-X—Z (II2),
• a third set C of carbon atoms in the sp2 hybridisation state, said set being in contact with:
• a plurality of compounds of the following formula (I3):
• (R-L1-W)n—V-L2-X—Y (I3),
• and
• a plurality of compounds of the following formula (II3):
• (R-L1-W)n—V-L2-X—Z (II3),
• with, independently of the carbon set A to C and of the compound of the formula (I) to (II):
• n is equal to 1, 2, or 3;
• V represents, for all n, —C(H)3-n— or:
• when n is equal to 2, —C(H)═, C being in this case bonded to L2 by a double bond;
• when n is equal to 1, —C≡, C being in this case bonded to L2 by a triple bond;
• R is an aromatic hydrocarbon comprising from 2 to 6 condensed aromatic cycles;
• L1 is a C1-C12 alkanediyl group;
• W represents a single bond, an arenediyl group, a heteroarenediyl group or a —O—Ar1— group where Ar1 is an arene or a heteroarene;
• L2 is a group of formula (A) as follows, -(L2a)i-(L2b)j- wherein:
• i and j are independently of each other selected from 0 and 1, with i+j=1 or 2;
• L2a is a C1-C12 alkanediyl, C2-C12 alkenediyl or C2-C12 alkynediyl group;
• L2b is an arenediyl group, a heteroarenediyl group or a group —O—Ar2—
• where Ar2 is an arene or a heteroarene;
• X is a —C(═O)N—, —C(═O)O— or —C(═O)S— group;
• Y is an antibacterial antibody or a lectin;
• Z is an antibacterial peptide;
• and where the sets A, B and Care such that:
• the set A is free of compounds of the formula (II1) or the molar ratio of the amount of compounds of the formula (II1) to that of compounds of the formula (I1) is less than 0.1;
• in the set B, the molar ratio of the amount of compounds of the formula (I2) to that of compounds of the formula (II2) being from 2:3 to 3:2;
• and
• in the set C, the molar ratio of the amount of compounds of the formula (I3) to that of compounds of the formula (II3) being from 1:3 to 2:3.