Techniques to map three-dimensional human anatomy data to two-dimensional human anatomy data

A computer-implemented method for simulating patient spinal loading, the method comprising:

• receiving first multi-dimensional image data of an anatomical region of a patient in a first loading state, wherein the first multi-dimensional image data shows at least a thoracic region and a cervical region of a spine of the patient;
• modeling virtual lumbar anatomical elements matching anatomical elements shown in the first multi-dimensional image data based on a resolution level of the first multi-dimensional image data;
• receiving second multi-dimensional image data of at least a portion of the anatomical region in a second loading state, wherein the second multi-dimensional image data shows a lumbar region of the spine of the patient;
• modeling virtual anatomical elements of the thoracic region and the cervical region matching anatomical elements shown in the second multi-dimensional image data based on a resolution level of the second multi-dimensional image data;
• determining one or more loading effects on at least one anatomical element at the anatomical region based on the first and second multi-dimensional image data;
• and
• generating a three-dimensional virtual model of the patient to simulate a post-operative loading state based on the one or more loading effects correlated to a pre-operative loading state.

A computer-implemented method for simulating patient spinal loading, the method comprising:

• receiving first multi-dimensional image data of an anatomical region of a patient in a first loading state;
• receiving second multi-dimensional image data of at least a portion of the anatomical region in a second loading state;
• determining one or more loading effects on at least one anatomical element at the anatomical region based on the first and second multi-dimensional image data;
• and
• generating a three-dimensional virtual model of the patient to simulate a post-operative loading state based on the one or more loading effects correlated to a pre-operative loading state, wherein the three-dimensional virtual model includes:
• a first set of anatomical element models with high-fidelity surface topologies for designing one or more patient-specific implants, and
• a second set of anatomical element models for measuring spinal metrics for predicting a surgical outcome associated with implantation of the one or more patient-specific implants, wherein one or more of the anatomical element models of the second set have less feature data than all or some of the anatomical element models of the first set.

A method for simulating patient spinal loading, the method comprising:

• receiving first multi-dimensional image data of an anatomical region of a patient in a first loading state;
• receiving second multi-dimensional image data of at least a portion of the anatomical region in a second loading state;
• determining one or more loading effects on at least one anatomical element at the anatomical region based on the first and second multi-dimensional image data;
• and
• generating a three-dimensional virtual model of the patient to simulate a post-operative loading state based on the one or more loading effects correlated to a pre-operative loading state, wherein the three-dimensional virtual model is a three-dimensional multi-region simulation model of a spine of the patient generated by:
• generating a three-dimensional multi-region spine model of the patient based on the first multi-dimensional image data;
• generating a three-dimensional partial spine model matching a corresponding region of the spine imaged in the second multi-dimensional image data;
• and
• generating the three-dimensional multi-region simulation model by combining anatomical elements of the three-dimensional partial spine model with the three-dimensional multi-region spine model.

A method for simulating patient spinal loading, the method comprising:

• receiving first multi-dimensional image data of an anatomical region of a patient in a first loading state;
• receiving second multi-dimensional image data of at least a portion of the anatomical region in a second loading state;
• determining one or more loading effects on at least one anatomical element at the anatomical region based on the first and second multi-dimensional image data;
• generating a three-dimensional multi-region spine model of the patient to simulate a post-operative loading state based on the one or more loading effects correlated to a pre-operative loading state, and
• replacing lower-fidelity anatomical element models of the three-dimensional multi-region spine model with corresponding higher-fidelity anatomical elements of a three-dimensional partial spine model.

A method for simulating patient spinal loading, the method comprising:

• receiving first multi-dimensional image data of an anatomical region of a patient in a first loading state;
• identifying a first image type of the first multi-dimensional image data;
• determining the first loading state based on the first image type of the first multi-dimensional image data;
• determining one or more anatomical metrics affected by the first loading state;
• receiving second multi-dimensional image data of at least a portion of the anatomical region in a second loading state;
• determining one or more loading effects on at least one anatomical element at the anatomical region based on the first and second multi-dimensional image data;
• measuring the one or more anatomical metrics of the anatomical region using the first multi-dimensional image data;
• and
• generating a three-dimensional virtual model of the patient to simulate a post-operative loading state based on the one or more loading effects correlated to a pre-operative loading state, wherein the measured one or more anatomical metrics are used to generate the three-dimensional virtual model of a spine.

A method for simulating patient spinal loading, the method comprising:

• receiving first multi-dimensional image data of an anatomical region of a patient in a first loading state;
• receiving second multi-dimensional image data of at least a portion of the anatomical region in a second loading state;
• identifying a first image type of the first multi-dimensional image data;
• identifying a second image type of the second multi-dimensional image data;
• selecting a mapping routine based on the first image type, the second image type, and anatomical elements at the anatomical region;
• determining one or more loading effects on at least one anatomical element at the anatomical region based on the first and second multi-dimensional image data;
• and
• generating a three-dimensional virtual model of the patient to simulate a post-operative loading state based on the one or more loading effects correlated to a pre-operative loading state.

A method for simulating patient spinal loading, the method comprising:

• receiving first multi-dimensional image data of an anatomical region of a patient in a first loading state;
• receiving second multi-dimensional image data of at least a portion of the anatomical region in a second loading state;
• determining one or more loading effects on at least one anatomical element at the anatomical region based on the first and second multi-dimensional image data;
• and
• generating a three-dimensional virtual model of the patient to simulate a post-operative loading state based on the one or more loading effects correlated to a pre-operative loading state, wherein the three-dimensional virtual model of a spine has rendered virtual surfaces configured for designing one or more implant models with contours matching the rendered virtual surfaces, wherein the three-dimensional virtual model is generated by combining a two-dimensional contemporaneous orthogonal X-rays and three-dimensional MRI data to produce an anatomically loaded 3D spine model.

A computer-implemented method for simulating patient spinal loading, the method comprising:

• receiving a first multi-dimensional image data of an anatomical region of a patient;
• receiving a second multi-dimensional image data of at least a portion of the anatomical region;
• and
• generating a multi-fidelity three-dimensional virtual model of the anatomical region, wherein the multi-fidelity three-dimensional virtual model includes:
• a first set of anatomical elements generated based on the first multi-dimensional image data, wherein the first set of anatomical elements have a first fidelity for obtaining one or more measurements of the anatomical region, and
• a second set of anatomical elements generated based on the second multi-dimensional image data, wherein the second set of anatomical elements have a second fidelity for designing one or more implants that fit the second set of anatomical elements.

A system comprising:

• one or more processors;
• and
• one or more memories storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to perform a process for simulating patient spinal loading, the process comprising:
• receiving, first multi-dimensional image data of an anatomical region of a patient in a first loading state;
• determining first location coordinates of vertebrae in the first multi-dimensional image data in the first loading state;
• determining first rotation, translation, and scaling parameters of the vertebrae in the first multi-dimensional image data in the first loading state;
• receiving second multi-dimensional image data of the anatomical region of the patient in a second loading state;
• determining second location coordinates of the vertebrae in the second multi-dimensional image data in the second loading state;
• determining second rotation, translation, and scaling parameters of the vertebrae in the second multi-dimensional image data in the second loading state;
• and
• generating a model of a spine of the patient to simulate spinal loading in the first loading state and the second loading state based on the first location coordinates, the first rotation, translation, and scaling parameters, the second location coordinates, and the second rotation parameters.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a computing system, cause the computing system to perform operations for simulating patient spinal loading, the operations comprising:

• receiving, first multi-dimensional image data of an anatomical region of a patient in a first loading state;
• determining first location coordinates of vertebrae in the first multi-dimensional image data in the first loading state;
• determining first rotation, translation, and scaling parameters of the vertebrae in the first multi-dimensional image data in the first loading state;
• receiving second multi-dimensional image data of the anatomical region of the patient in a second loading state;
• determining second location coordinates of the vertebrae in the second multi-dimensional image data in the second loading state;
• determining second rotation, translation, and scaling parameters of the vertebrae in the second multi-dimensional image data in the second loading state;
• and
• generating a model of a spine of the patient to simulate spinal loading in the first loading state and the second loading state based on the first location coordinates, the first rotation, translation, and scaling parameters, the second location coordinates, and the second rotation parameters.

A system comprising:

• one or more processors;
• and
• one or more memories storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to perform a process for simulating patient spinal loading, the process comprising:
• receiving first multi-dimensional image data of an anatomical region of a patient in a first loading state, wherein the first multi-dimensional image data shows at least a thoracic region and a cervical region of a spine of the patient;
• modeling virtual lumbar anatomical elements matching anatomical elements shown in the first multi-dimensional image data based on a resolution level of the first multi-dimensional image data;
• receiving second multi-dimensional image data of at least a portion of the anatomical region in a second loading state, wherein the second multi-dimensional image data shows a lumbar region of the spine of the patient;
• modeling virtual anatomical elements of the thoracic region and the cervical region matching anatomical elements shown in the second multi-dimensional image data based on a resolution level of the second multi-dimensional image data;
• determining one or more loading effects on at least one anatomical element at the anatomical region based on the first and second multi-dimensional image data;
• and
• generating a three-dimensional virtual model of the patient to simulate a post-operative loading state based on the one or more loading effects correlated to a pre-operative loading state.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a computing system, cause the computing system to perform operations for simulating patient spinal loading, the operations comprising:

• receiving first multi-dimensional image data of an anatomical region of a patient in a first loading state, wherein the first multi-dimensional image data shows at least a thoracic region and a cervical region of a spine of the patient;
• modeling virtual lumbar anatomical elements matching anatomical elements shown in the first multi-dimensional image data based on a resolution level of the first multi-dimensional image data;
• receiving second multi-dimensional image data of at least a portion of the anatomical region in a second loading state, wherein the second multi-dimensional image data shows a lumbar region of the spine of the patient;
• modeling virtual anatomical elements of the thoracic region and the cervical region matching anatomical elements shown in the second multi-dimensional image data based on a resolution level of the second multi-dimensional image data;
• determining one or more loading effects on at least one anatomical element at the anatomical region based on the first and second multi-dimensional image data;
• and
• generating a three-dimensional virtual model of the patient to simulate a post-operative loading state based on the one or more loading effects correlated to a pre-operative loading state.

A system comprising:

• one or more processors;
• and
• one or more memories storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to perform a process for simulating patient spinal loading, the process comprising:
• receiving a first multi-dimensional image data of an anatomical region of a patient;
• receiving a second multi-dimensional image data of at least a portion of the anatomical region;
• and
• generating a multi-fidelity three-dimensional virtual model of the anatomical region, wherein the multi-fidelity three-dimensional virtual model includes:
• a first set of anatomical elements generated based on the first multi-dimensional image data, wherein the first set of anatomical elements have a first fidelity for obtaining one or more measurements of the anatomical region, and
• a second set of anatomical elements generated based on the second multi-dimensional image data, wherein the second set of anatomical elements have a second fidelity for designing one or more implants that fit the second set of anatomical elements.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a computing system, cause the computing system to perform operations for simulating patient spinal loading, the operations comprising:

• receiving a first multi-dimensional image data of an anatomical region of a patient;
• receiving a second multi-dimensional image data of at least a portion of the anatomical region;
• and
• generating a multi-fidelity three-dimensional virtual model of the anatomical region, wherein the multi-fidelity three-dimensional virtual model includes:
• a first set of anatomical elements generated based on the first multi-dimensional image data, wherein the first set of anatomical elements have a first fidelity for obtaining one or more measurements of the anatomical region, and
• a second set of anatomical elements generated based on the second multi-dimensional image data, wherein the second set of anatomical elements have a second fidelity for designing one or more implants that fit the second set of anatomical elements.