Apparatus and methods for three dimensional optical imaging of dynamics with reduced motion artifacts

A method of imaging tissue, the method comprising:

• (a) acquiring a dataset of tissue sample, the dataset having data from at least one of a one dimensional scan of the tissue sample corresponding to a depth encoded profile of tissue reflections along an optical axis, two dimensional images of the tissue acquired using a camera, and a three dimensional volume scan;
• (b) modeling the dataset, with a data processing engine, as Gaussian latent variables to differentiate common variances comprising static tissue structure and dynamic blood flow and unique variances comprising tissue motion in the dataset to generate a model;
• (c) iteratively, with the data processing engine, (i) fitting the model through an exploratory factor analysis to derive corresponding dynamic factors and static factors and (ii) calculating an objective function as a summation of log-likelihood probabilities of the common variances and the unique variances until either a calculated improvement of fitting is less than a predetermined threshold or a maximum number of iterations have been performed to generate a fitted model;
• (d) applying, with the data processing engine, the fitted model to the dataset to reduce unique variances and isolate the dynamic factors from the static factors in the common variances to produce a plurality of images;
• and
• (e) generating a display image by summing absolute values of the plurality of images corresponding to the dynamic factors.