Determination of condition or characteristic of a target

A device or system comprising:

• a communications module configured to receive data from and transmit data to other devices or systems;
• at least one processor;
• and
• at least one memory comprising computer program code for one or more programs;
• the at least one processor, the at least one memory, and the computer program code being configured to cause the device or system to at least carry out the following for training a neural network for determining a condition or characteristic of a monitored target:
• inputting N features of each set of historical data of a plurality of sets of historical data associated with the monitored target into the neural network, the neural network at least having N inputs and one or more outputs, where N is a natural number greater than one, the neural network having one or more hidden layers, each hidden layer being a tensor network in the form of a matrix product operator, MPO, with a respective plurality of tensors and having a respective predetermined activation function per hidden layer or per tensor in the MPO;
• and one or more iterations of the following steps up until one or more predetermined criteria are fulfilled:
• computing a predicted value of the neural network in a forward pass of the neural network;
• and
• sequentially carrying out the following processing for each possible pair of adjacent tensors in the MPO of each hidden layer up until all possible pairs of adjacent tensors in the MPO of each hidden layer have been processed starting from one end of each MPO and arriving at the other end of each MPO:
• grouping the pair of adjacent tensors thereby providing a grouped tensor;
• computing a gradient for the grouped tensor with respect to a predetermined loss function in a backward pass of the neural network;
• updating the grouped tensor by combining the grouped tensor with the computed gradient for the grouped tensor;
• and
• ungrouping the updated grouped tensor with singular value decomposition;
• and
• wherein the at least one processor, the at least one memory, and the computer program code are configured to further cause the device or system to at least carry out the following after having trained the neural network:
• receiving a set of data associated with the monitored target, the set of data having N features;
• inputting the N features of the received set of data into the trained neural network;
• after inputting the N features into the trained neural network, determining a condition or characteristic of the target by processing the one or more outputs;
• and
• providing a predetermined command at least based on the determined condition or characteristic, wherein the predetermined command includes one or both of:
• providing a notification indicative of the determined condition or characteristic to an electronic device;
• and
• providing a command to a controlling device or system associated with the target, the command being for changing a behavior of the target.