Method for judging geology of time-delayed extremely intense rockburst

A method for judging geology of a time-delayed extremely intense rockburst, comprising the following steps:

• step 1:
• analyzing engineering geological conditions of each cyclic excavation mileage section of a tunnel face;
• wherein step 1 comprises:
• step 1.1:
• performing on-site recording of geological information ahead of the tunnel face in a construction tunnel during each excavation cycle, wherein the geological information comprises lithology, a topographical burial depth, integrity of a surrounding rock, quality grading of the surrounding rock, a weathering degree of the surrounding rock, a water seepage condition, a groundwater development condition, and a joint development degree;
• step 1.2:
• performing geological mapping on conditions of the surrounding rock exposed at the tunnel face after tunnel excavation;
• step 1.3:
• performing advanced geological prediction on tunnel engineering geology by using a seismic reflection method, and collecting propagation velocity information through a high-precision receiver based on seismic waves generated by excitation holes arranged for each cyclic excavation mileage section of the tunnel face;
• step 1.4:
• processing seismic wave collection data by using an advanced geological prediction system AmbergTSPPlus to obtain time profiles, depth migration profiles, physical and mechanical parameters, and rock reflection horizons of P waves, SH waves, and SV waves ahead of the tunnel face;
• step 1.5:
• based on the seismic wave data collected by the advanced geological prediction system AmbergTSPPlus in step 1.4, predicting geological conditions ahead of the tunnel face comprising fractures, karst caves, faults, soft strata, and water-rich cases to timely acquire engineering information of unfavorable geological bodies in the surrounding rock ahead of the tunnel face;
• and
• step 1.6:
• recording geological structural conditions of each cyclic excavation mileage section of the tunnel face, and judging a correlation between occurrence of a rockburst and rockburst intensity levels and spatial position relations of structural discontinuities and spatial combination forms of the structural discontinuities, wherein the geological structural conditions comprise quantities of the structural discontinuities, types of the structural discontinuities, spacings between the structural discontinuities, positions of the structural discontinuities, orientations of the structural discontinuities, apertures of the structural discontinuities, infilling conditions of the structural discontinuities, trace lengths of the structural discontinuities, and forms of intersection between the structural discontinuities and a tunnel;
• step 2:
• analyzing morphology and characteristics of a burst crater in a rockburst-damaged zone;
• wherein step 2 comprises:
• step 2.1:
• describing a tunnel rockburst situation in real time, recording a rockburst occurrence process, and recording the morphology of the burst crater in the rockburst-damaged zone, and analyzing characteristics of the rockburst, including:
• determining the spatiotemporal types and mechanism types of the rockburst, determining a rockburst level based on a rockburst scale, recording the rockburst occurrence process and acoustic characteristics during the rockburst occurrence process, and a stake mark range at a fault surface and the burst crater, a size of the burst crater, an ejection distance of a burst piece, a maximum depth of the burst crater, morphology of burst rock, an area of the fault surface, and a volume of the burst crater, and judging a correlation between the morphology and range of the burst crater and spatial position relations of the structural discontinuities and spatial combination forms of the structural discontinuities;
• step 2.2:
• performing advanced geological drilling on a rockburst-damaged fault surface, and based on drilling results within a hole, recording information about geological structural conditions in the rockburst-damaged zone, wherein the information comprises rock powder generated during drilling, a rotation velocity, occurrence of drill bit jamming, vibration of a drill rod, proved lithology, hardness, a weathering degree, integrity of a rock mass, roughness of the structural discontinuities, opening and filling conditions of the structural discontinuities, an exposure state of the rock mass and groundwater development conditions;
• and
• step 2.3:
• conducting overbreak-underbreak analysis on the rockburst-damaged zone in the tunnel by using a profile scanning technology, recording an overbreak area and an underbreak area, a maximum overbreak location, a maximum underbreak location, and a linear average overbreak of the burst crater, and identifying morphological characteristics, boundaries, depths and a damage distribution range of the burst crater:
• step 3:
• analyzing a spatial distribution relationship between the burst crater and a geological structure;
• wherein step 3 comprises:
• step 3.1:
• based on a spatial relationship between a joint orientation and a stratum orientation/dip direction in a blast crater zone, and a relative sliding relationship between a hanging wall and a foot wall of faults in the blast crater zone, analyzing characteristics of rockburst damage, and counting an occurrence frequency and the intensity level of a rockburst under an effect of the structural discontinuities with different dip directions/angles, and under conditions of normal faults or strike-slip faults to judge a hazardous dip direction and a hazardous dip angle of the structural discontinuities and fault dislocation patterns which are prone to triggering the rockburst under a current condition;
• step 3.2:
• based on a spatial distribution pattern of the structural discontinuities and a positional relationship between the structural discontinuities and the tunnel, and combined with occurrence characteristics and development characteristics of the structural discontinuities, further analyzing rockburst damage characteristics through statistics and observations of a rockburst site to determine locations of developed structural discontinuities in each cyclic excavation mileage section of the tunnel face where the rockburst is more prone to occur;
• a positional relationship where the structural discontinuities are parallel, perpendicular, oblique, and at an oblique intersection angle with the tunnel where the rockburst is more prone to occur;
• and a dip direction, a dip angle, the spacing, and the trace length of the structural discontinuities when the rockburst is more prone to occur;
• and
• step 3.3:
• based on rockburst damage information under different geological conditions, preliminarily judging a risk of time-delayed extremely intense rockburst disasters which occur along with exposure of cavities with different structural characteristics after the tunnel face is excavated when the following parameters in step 3.2 emerge in the tunnel face during each cyclic excavation mileage section:
• a hazardous position of the structural discontinuities, a hazardous intersection pattern of the structural discontinuities, a hazardous dip direction of the structural discontinuities, the hazardous dip angle of the structural discontinuities, a hazardous spacing of the structural discontinuities, and a hazardous trace length of the structural discontinuities:
• step 4:
• conducting three-dimensional (3D) geostress measurement on a tunnel rockburst zone;
• wherein step 4 comprises:
• step 4.1:
• determining a number, a location, and a hole depth of geostress measurement points based on the geological structure of the tunnel rockburst zone;
• step 4.2:
• determining a 3D geostress state of the rockburst zone by using a stress relief method or a hydraulic fracturing method, drilling at measurement points of the rock mass, attaching a strain sensor at a hole bottom, drilling out a rock core to fully unload a hole bottom plane, calculating a stress state at the hole bottom plane by obtaining a recovery strain of the unloaded plane and an elastic constant of a rock, sealing two ends of a tested rock stratum by using a packer, injecting high-pressure water into the packer from two ends thereof to induce fractures on two walls of the drilled rock, applying pressure in several cycles, and determine a stress state of an original rock according to pump pressure values and orientations of the induced fractures;
• and
• step 4.3:
• determining a relationship between an orientation of a maximum principal stress and spatial distribution of structural discontinuities in the rockburst-damaged zone, wherein the relationship comprises perpendicular, parallel, oblique, and at the oblique intersection angle;
• and
• step 5:
• judging a geological condition of the time-delayed extremely intense rockburst;
• wherein step 5 comprises:
• step 5.1:
• judging the geological condition of the time-delayed extremely intense rockburst;
• and based on geostress measurement results from step 4, and combined with physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and structural discontinuities obtained through on-site geological investigations in step 1 to step 3, establishing a 3D numerical simulation tunnel model by using a discrete element software;
• and
• step 5.2:
• based on the initial geostress measurement results and the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock and the structural discontinuities obtained through the on-site geological investigations, establishing a numerically-simulating geometric model under different combinations of the structural discontinuities and the corresponding physical and mechanical parameters of the structural discontinuities, obtaining a principal stress vector diagram and a maximum principal stress nephogram of the tunnel model under different working conditions by using a discrete element numerical simulation software to obtain stress concentration situations and maximum principal stress values upon tunnel excavation, thereby obtaining a hazardous spatial position combination of the structural discontinuities, the hazardous position of the structural discontinuities, the hazardous spacing of the structural discontinuities, a hazardous length of the structural discontinuities, the hazardous dip direction of the structural discontinuities, and the hazardous dip angle of the structural discontinuities, and judging a risk of subsequent time-delayed rockburst disasters on a basis of taking states of the surrounding rock exposed and conditions of exposed structural discontinuities at a current tunnel face in an excavation zone, in combination with numerical calculation results of the geometric model under conditions of different structural discontinuities.