Method for synthesizing macromolecules in solution from carbohydrate derivative units

A method for synthesizing macromolecules made up of units U that are mostly monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives, which may be identical or different, said macromolecules having a first and a second end, said synthesis method proceeding by successive elongation of said second end by a monomer or oligomer M having at least two functional groups, and said method being characterized in that:

• in a first anchoring step, the first unit U1 of said macromolecule, corresponding to a monomer M1 or a terminal unit of an oligomer M1, is attached by a covalent bond to an anchor molecule soluble in non-polar organic solvents, said covalent bond resulting from a reaction of a first of the functional groups of said monomer M1 or of said oligomer M1 with a functional group of said anchor molecule, the second termination possibly being another functional group of said monomer M1 or of said oligomer M1 that has been protected, prior to said reaction, by at least a first protecting group GP1, and possibly by a second protecting group GP2;
• in a second deprotection step, one of said protecting groups GP1 or GP2 is removed, leaving a free functional group on said monomer M1 or oligomer M1;
• in a third coupling step, a second monomer M2 or oligomer M2, carrying at least one free functional group and at least one functional group protected by a protecting group GP3, is reacted so that its free functional group forms, by reaction with said free functional group of said first monomer M1 or oligomer M1, a covalent bond, thus creating a new molecule formed by said monomer M1 or oligomer M1, attached by its first end to said anchor molecule, and said monomer M2 or oligomer M2, attached to another of its terminations, and said method being characterized in that said anchor molecule comprises a polyisobutene chain with at least 5 monomer units.