Brake-by-wire braking system for vehicles, provided with electric actuation and electric back-up

A braking system for vehicles comprising

• a first brake group, a second brake group and a third brake group,
• each brake group comprising a rotor, a braking device associated with said rotor, and an electro-hydraulic or electromechanical actuator of each braking device,
• a first and a second control unit for said brake groups,
• wherein the first control unit is operatively connected to the first brake group by a first piloting device for said electromechanical or electro-hydraulic actuator of the first brake group,
• wherein the second control unit is operatively connected to the second brake group by a second piloting device for said electromechanical or electro-hydraulic actuator of the second brake group, and is connected to the third brake group by a third piloting device for the electromechanical or electro-hydraulic actuator of the third brake group,
• wherein the first control unit is connected to and powered by a first power source, and wherein the second control unit is connected to and powered by a second power source, said first and second power sources being independent and galvanically isolated from each other,
• each control unit being programmed to implement, via the corresponding piloting system, a standard braking strategy in case of malfunctions for each brake group and a fault braking strategy, if it detects an electrical fault of one or more of the brake groups,
• wherein the braking system comprises a first and a second manual actuation device for a request for a braking action by a user, wherein both the manual actuation devices are each provided with exactly two separate actuation sensors,
• wherein the exactly two actuation sensors each consist of (i) a first actuation sensor electrically coupled only to the first control unit and (ii) a second actuation sensor electrically coupled only to the second control unit,
• wherein the first sensor and second sensor are on different signal paths corresponding to the galvanically isolated first and second power sources.