Biosensor device and methods

A sensor device comprising an insect odorant receptor complex, comprising an OrX and an Orco, in electrical communication with a substrate, wherein each of the OrX and the Orco comprise seven transmembrane helices, wherein, when present in a cell membrane, each of the OrX and the Orco have a transmembrane topology having an intracellular N-terminus and an extracellular C-terminus, wherein the insect odorant receptor complex is embedded in a membrane mimic which is coupled to the substrate directly or via a linker molecule, wherein the membrane mimic is selected from a liposome, an amphipol, a nanovesicle, or a nanodisc, wherein, when the membrane mimic is the liposome, the liposome is not fused with a planar lipid bilayer membrane;

• wherein the sensor device is configured to detect binding of an analyte to the OrX by detecting a change in an electrical characteristic of the substrate, wherein the substrate is selected from:
• a working electrode of an electrochemical cell, a channel of a carbon nanotube-field effect transistor (CNT-FET), a channel of a graphene-field effect transistor (GFET), a resonator component of a quartz crystal microbalance, or an inert metal surface on a glass prism.