Fiber optic sensor and measurement method, apparatus and storage medium

A fiber optic sensor, at least comprising:

• a light source, a vector network analyzer, an electro-optic intensity modulator, a fiber optic containing a weak reflection grating array, a fiber optic amplifier, a fiber optic coupler, a dispersion compensator, a demodulator;
• wherein, the electro-optic intensity modulator, coupled to the light source, the vector network analyzer, and the fiber optic containing the weak reflection grating array, is configured to:
• modulate a microwave signal generated by the vector network analyzer into an optical signal generated by the light source, and
• input a modulated optical signal into the fiber optic containing the weak reflection grating array;
• the fiber optic amplifier, coupled to the fiber optic containing the weak reflection grating array and the fiber optic coupler, is configured to:
• receive a reflected signal output by the fiber optic containing the weak reflection grating array, and
• input an amplified reflected signal into the fiber optic coupler;
• the fiber optic coupler, coupled to the fiber optic amplifier, the dispersion compensator, and the demodulator, is configured to:
• split the amplified reflected signal, input an obtained first split signal into the dispersion compensator, and input an obtained second split signal into the demodulator;
• the dispersion compensator, coupled to the fiber optic coupler and the demodulator, is configured to:
• perform dispersion compensation on the first split signal, and
• input a dispersion-compensated first split signal into the demodulator;
• the demodulator, coupled to the fiber optic coupler and the dispersion compensator, is configured to:
• demodulate a received signal to obtain each sub-signal of the second split signal and each sub-signal of the dispersion-compensated first split signal;
• according to a historical second split signal and a dispersion-compensated historical first split signal determined at a historical measurement moment, and the second split signal and the dispersion-compensated first split signal determined at a current moment, determine a change delay for each sub-signal in the dispersion-compensated first split signal and a change delay for each sub-signal in the second split signal at the current moment;
• and
• for each of the sub-signals, according to a change delay for the sub-signal, determine change amounts at a grating corresponding to the sub-signal and at a fiber optic segment connected with the grating.