Maintaining consistent metadata across different storage systems

A cloud-based storage system in a cloud computing environment, the cloud-based storage system including:

• one or more cloud computing instances with local block storage;
• cloud-based object storage;
• and
• one or more storage controller applications, each storage controller application executing in a cloud computing instance, wherein the one or more storage controllers are configured to:
• generating for a dataset on a cloud-based storage system, based on an I/O operation directed to the dataset, a metadata update that comprises information describing one or more snapshots of the dataset and a mapping of content segments to one or more addresses associated with the dataset;
• and
• updating, using the metadata update, metadata of the dataset on another storage system.