Solar cell, method for preparing the same, and photovoltaic module

A solar cell, comprising:

• a substrate having electrode regions and non-electrode regions, wherein the electrode regions are arranged alternatingly with the non-electrode regions, each of the electrode regions has a first surface structure, each of the non-electrode regions has a second surface structure, the electrode regions have surface roughness less than surface roughness of the non-electrode regions, and the second surface structure includes a plurality of first protrusion structures;
• a tunneling dielectric layer formed over the first surface structure;
• a first doped conductive layer formed over the tunneling dielectric layer and has a first doping element of a first conductivity type;
• a passivation layer formed over the non-electrode regions and the first doped conductive layer;
• a plurality of first electrodes formed over respective ones of the electrode regions, wherein the plurality of first electrodes penetrate the passivation layer to be in electrical contact with the first doped conductive layer;
• and
• a doped layer formed between the non-electrode regions and the passivation layer, wherein the doped layer has a doping element of the first conductivity type, and the doped layer is in electrical contact with the first doped conductive layer.